Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Employee Annual self-Evaluation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Employee Annual self-Evaluation - Assignment Example Having the positive attitude and self-confidence to succeed, while motivating the work team to remain focused on the job details, is my progress agenda. This involves meeting the delivery deadlines and work challenges in a responsible manner. Treating fellow workers with respect, following the transparent practices in communication with clients and co-workers, while personally admitting the mistakes remains the important aspect of my ethics policy. I resolve that I must set an example, where others will follow me. Meeting the clients and my co-workers on regular basis, for efficient and timely execution of jobs undertaken, remains high on my work agenda. This is with a view to uphold the confidence shown by clients in capability of the company executing the orders efficiently. Efficient communication, with a problem-solving attitude, while dealing with my coworkers remains the top priority. Respecting the ethical and cultural ethos as well as differences, I try to hold others accountable. Meeting commitments, while promoting cohesive work culture and recognition through rewards is the benchmark for me. Contributing to success of the company through proper follow up of client feedback is my target. This includes the will to listen to others, for understanding my strengths and weaknesses in a constructive manner. Accepting changes in the system with an open mind, while identifying new business opportunities for the company is my strategic goal for performance. This includes working towards getting the support of all relevant people in the organization. I constantly work towards acquiring more knowledge in my professional field, by employing work-experience and academic principals in an efficient manner to remain successful at my job, while aspiring for going higher on the corporate

Monday, October 28, 2019

Human motivation Essay Example for Free

Human motivation Essay Success is not what we get, success is what we achieve and this success we get from Motivation, whether you are appearing for final exams, you are a player or a singer or in Army fighting battles in the field, you will reach the pinnacle of success only if you are motivated. Motivation is your desire and your impulse, which can make you break the icebergs. The word Motivation was derived from the Latin word movere, meaning to move. (Romando, 2007). There are many theories describing the human’s tendency towards motivation; but here I am dealing with five theories, which influences and determines the human behavior. †¢ Self Determination Theory †¢ Humanistic Theory †¢ Instinct Theory †¢ Cognitive theory †¢ Need Theory Every human being needs motivation to grow, which he attains from several sources like his own self -realization, listening to music, nature, Society etc. The influence of Society motivates the person towards actualization of their goals and allows them to make decisions. The self-determination theory has been into practice since last three decades and constitutes set of four mini theories, cognitive evaluation theory, organismic integration theory, Causality orientations theory and basic needs theory. (Faculty at the University of Rochester, 2007). As Shapiro in 1981 said, â€Å" The key issue for self-direction, is flexibility in psychological structures-the flexibility that allows ones attitudes to direct action towards the active achievements of one’s aims†. (Deci, M Ryan, 1985) Self Determination theory deals with the extent to which the inner tendencies of humans impel them for psychological growth and development, take most challenging tasks and integrate their life experiences for their satisfaction and fulfillment of their self. Although, these are natural tendencies, which determine and motivate humans but are only fulfilled by influence and support of the social environment. It is the society, which provides an individual healthy environment, nutrients and basic psychological needs enabling him or her to think and make choice independently and rationally. (Beck, 2003) Self- Determination permits the person to positively involve taking risks and incorporating in the social fabric of society. Especially for the persons with disabilities, self-determination acts as a medicine boosting their self-esteem. (Faculty at the University of Rochester, 2007) Another aspect to this theory is the value of risk taking. The self determined humans are also not devoid of risks too, their over confidence can take them on the downward slide of career path. External coercion, without giving independent thought too may affect humans psychologically and mentally. Humans also go by their instinct to accomplish a task or to move ahead in the journey of their life. Sigmand Freud and William James brought forth the instinct theory to capture the intricate nature of human beings. The inclination of humans to act and think emerges out from their soul. Their decision comes what their inner perception and inner self directs him to, for e. g. all the tastes and preferences of the humans come from their inner voice, which directs and helps the person to make choice. Scientists and Researchers have not yet come into any concrete evidence to support the instinct theory, yet it is true. Human beings going by the instinct avoids considering the cost of risk they might be subjected to. People neither make calculated move nor consider pros and cons rather they just jump into action what their inner instinct tells them too, which may not come out to be true. The value of risk taking is very high to the persons who are motivated by the inner instinct and its best example is death instinct theory propounded by Freud in 1920, whereby he stated that humans with their instinct go to the extent of loosing their will to survive. According to Freud, humans have two instincts: one is life-favoring instinct Eros, which in Greek means love and another instinct is Thanatos, which in Greek means death. It clearly shows that instinct theory is also risky. (Kastenbaum, 2007). If someone believes that â€Å"Perception is everything†, this means that he is cognitivist. (Heffner, 2004) Perception means to reorganize what the senses perceive into practicality. Your thoughts are your determining factor to take practical decisions and mould your emotions, behaviors and your whole personality. Cognitive theory depends on this perception. The theory states that by changing the thoughts, a person can change the moods, reduce tensions and anxiety and can develop good relationships. But thoughts can be deceptive too, and as said by Leon Festinger in 1957, â€Å"There are always conflicts and discrepancies between thoughts and actions or between belief and actions and we will act to resolve conflict and discrepancies. †(Huitt, 2001) The value of risk is imbalance between our thoughts and actions for e. g. persons’ thoughts would pronounce that smoking is detrimental to health, still he smokes this means he is conflict with himself. Every human being is born with his own personality and grows with his personality and has certain needs to be fulfilled, which motivates them towards the self-realization of their goals and for over all growth and development. The theory, which revealed this very perplexing nature, so intricately woven in humans is known by researchers and psychologists as Humanistic theory. Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) who came out with this theory too states that, â€Å"All human beings has â€Å"Hierarchy of needs to fulfill before becoming a self-actualized, fully able person†. (Mercury, 1999). Even Carl Rogers (1902-1987) echoed the views of Maslow and further stated that for development, a person requires an environment, which can give him ample scope for self-disclosure, recognition and understanding and without these even the healthy human being will fade, just like a tree which cannot grow without sunlight and water. The risk is as Rogers says people may face anxiety when they face the real situation, which can be contradictory. According to Critics, The humanistic theories are very optimistic, vague and are unscientific. (Mercury, 1999). Among all the theories, the most determining factor for the human beings are their needs, and the priority that humans show on their needs motivate them to lead their fruitful life. Maslow came up with a â€Å"Hierarchy model† on the basis of needs theory. These needs are psychological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs and self-actualization needs, according to this hierarchy. (Huitt, 2001) Once one need is fulfilled, it will lead to another need. But according to the critics this theory has several drawbacks. One person can have several needs at the same time, and can over lap. It is not necessary that fulfillment of one needs may actually motivate a person, as it is a human tendency that fulfillment of one need instigates the person to pursue in the quest for the acquirement of another need, and in this pursuit many persons may resort to anti-social activities harming the society. All theories came out with the one basic fact that it is the individual himself only, who in true sense is a force behind his own success and failure. All motivation comes from within individual himself, which is real essence of human motivation. WORKS CITED Becks Robert, (2003), Motivation: Theories and Principles (5th edition), Prentice Hall. Edward L. Deci, Richard M. Ryan, (1985), Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior, Springer, Inspirational. Richard Romando, Motivation Theory, Enzyne Articles, http://ezinearticles.com/? Motivation-Theoryid=410700 Faculty at the University of Rochester (Last Updated: 2007) Self Determination Theory: An Approach to Human Motivation and Personality. Retrieved June 30, 2007 from W. W. W: http://www. psych. rochester. edu/SDT/theory. html Heffner L. C. (Last Updated: 2004). I think therefore I have a Personality. In Cognitive Theory. Retrieved on June 30, 2007 from W. W. W: http://allpsych. com/personalitysynopsis/cognitive. html Huitt, W. (2001). Motivation to learn: An overview. Educational Psychology Interactive. Retrieved on June 30, 2007 from W. W. W: http://chiron. valdosta. edu/whuitt/col/motivation/motivate. html Kastenbaum Robert (Updated 2007) Death Instinct. Encyclopedia of Death and Dying. Retrieved June 30,2007 from W. W. W: http://www. deathreference. com/Da-Em/Death-Instinct. html Mercury M. F. (1999) Humanistic Theory. bbc. co. uk: The Guide to Life, The Universe and Everything. Retrieved on June 30, 2007 from W. W. W: http://www. bbc. co. uk/dna/h2g2/A147151.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Depression Essay -- essays research papers fc

DEPRESSION IN WOMAN Depression is the most common mood disorder; it is more than just temporary feelings of sadness. Then how come women are more prone to depression than men? Depression affects women emotionally, physically, and mentally in every aspect of their lives. Clinical depression does not only just cause suffering to individuals who are depressed, but it brings problems for their families and friends who seldom do not know how to help them. Experts say depression is a disorder that is colour blind and affects women in spite of race, ethnic backgrounds, or socio-economic standing. Women are said to be two to three times more prone than men to suffer from depression. Why is this the case? Is it because of the stress caused by society’s expectations of women? The following essay will provide a brief overview explaining why women are more prone to depression than men. There are emotional risk factors that make women especially are vulnerable from. Women who are unhappily married, divorced, or separated, have higher risks. They tend to undergo more stress, anger, frustration, and cause problems among her family. Nobody is predetermined to develop a mood disorder. Nevertheless, women who tend to be under more stress than normal and often have to handle a variety of conflicting roles in society may be susceptible to depression. Women who are biologically vulnerable to depression are more likely to develop the disease when they’re under chronic stress. Depression can cause mothers to be inconsistent with the way they care for their children. They may be loving one minute and withdrawn the next. They may not respond at all to their children’s behaviour or they may respond in a negative way. Babies who do not develop a secure attachment may have trouble interacting with their mother (they may not want to be with their mother, or may be upset when with them), causing them to develop skills later than other babies. Toddlers and preschoolers whose mothers are depressed may be less independent, less likely to interact with other people, have more trouble accepting discipline, be more aggressive and destructive or not do as well in school. School-age children may have behavioural problems, have learning difficulties, have a higher risk of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, and not do as well in school. Adolescents whose mothers suffer from depression... ...dhood Depressive Symptoms, Physical Activity and Health Related Fitness.† Journal of Sports & Exercise Psychology. 34. 5 (2003): 419-421 Wolfgang, Linden. â€Å"Depression, Social Isolation, and Certain Life Events are Associated with the Development of Coronary Heart Disease.† ACP Journal Club. 52. 6 (2004): 81-85 Newspaper/Magazines: Carey, Elaine. â€Å"Therapy Works Like Drugs on Brain† Toronto Star. 9 Jan. 2004:E 45- 46 Ross, Marvin. â€Å"Can Faith Help the Aged?† Toronto Star 22 Jan. 2005: A8-9 Spencer, Maggie. â€Å"Depressed Children Show Altered Stress Response† Archives of General Psychiatry 16 Dec. 2003: 25-26 Electronic Resources: Autonuccio, David. Rumble in Reno: The Psychosocial Perspective Depression. 13 Feb. 2005. 1 Aug. 2000 Beardslee, William R. The Prevention of Depression in Youth. 29 Jan. 1995. 20 Jan. 2005 Canadian Health. James, Carol. Risk Factors For Depression in Canadian’s. 29 Feb. 1984. 9 Feb. 2005 James Nazroo Y. Exploring Gender Difference in Depression. 2 Mar. 2001. 2 Feb. 2005 Kenneth, Rogers. What is a depressive Disorder? 2 Mar. 2001. 12 Jan. 2005 Robinson, Robert. Canadian National Institute of Mental Health. 10 Sept. 2002. 4 Feb. 2005.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Ernest Hemingway and Hollywood Essay example -- Biography Biographies

Hemingway and Hollywood "I try, when I'm writing a screenplay from somebody's original work, to be as faithful to it as I can be, within the limitations of a screenplay and remembering that the novel medium and the screen medium are entirely different" -Screenwriter, Casey Robinson, (Laurence 12). Hollywood attempted twice, but it still could not produce a film adaptation of A Farewell to Arms that Hemingway considered to do literary justice to his classic novel. The first effort was in 1932 when Paramount producer Frank Borzage used ridiculous publicity stunts to lure audiences, such as sending letters to women stamped REJECTED BY CENSORS. They read: Dear Madam: War-time! Suppose you were alone in a dark, drab, Swiss hotel room! In a few weeks you were to become a mother-and the man you loved was miles away-on the shell-torn Italian front. You write letter after letter to him-twenty one of them-and they are all returned stamped REJECTED BY CENSOR: This is just one of the dramatic situations in Ernest Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms, which comes to the _____ Theater on ___ (date). As you read in the novel, you'll see A Farewell to Arms on the screen! (Laurence 42-3). This was just one of the many shameless ploys Hollywood used over the years to exploit the celebrity status of the revered author; however "the effectiveness of such a publicity piece depended on the recipient's not having read the book-else they would recognize that no such situation exists in the novel" (43). Studios knew what they had to do get the ratings they sought; it was gratifying for the public "to believe that going to a movie was as good as reading a book" (43). By the time devoted Hemingway readers saw the film ... ... Arms he once said "(they did not ) also get the right to my sanction of the picture version" (Laurence 44). Despite the sum of money he made, Hemingway suggested "that the best way for a writer to deal with Hollywood was to meet the producers at the California state line: 'You throw them your book, they throw you the money. Then you jump into your car and drive like hell back the way you came" (Oliver "A Hemingway Retrospective") Works Cited: Laurence, Frank. Hemingway and the Movies. Jackson: University Press, 1981. Oliver, Charles ed. A Moving Picture Feast: The Filmgoers Hemingway. New York: Praeger 1989. Oliver, Charles. "A Hemingway Retrospective: Hemingway and Hollywood." http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/books/1999/hemingway/stories/hollywood/ http://mason-west.com/Hemingway/films.php: Films based on the works of Ernest Hemingway. Ernest Hemingway and Hollywood Essay example -- Biography Biographies Hemingway and Hollywood "I try, when I'm writing a screenplay from somebody's original work, to be as faithful to it as I can be, within the limitations of a screenplay and remembering that the novel medium and the screen medium are entirely different" -Screenwriter, Casey Robinson, (Laurence 12). Hollywood attempted twice, but it still could not produce a film adaptation of A Farewell to Arms that Hemingway considered to do literary justice to his classic novel. The first effort was in 1932 when Paramount producer Frank Borzage used ridiculous publicity stunts to lure audiences, such as sending letters to women stamped REJECTED BY CENSORS. They read: Dear Madam: War-time! Suppose you were alone in a dark, drab, Swiss hotel room! In a few weeks you were to become a mother-and the man you loved was miles away-on the shell-torn Italian front. You write letter after letter to him-twenty one of them-and they are all returned stamped REJECTED BY CENSOR: This is just one of the dramatic situations in Ernest Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms, which comes to the _____ Theater on ___ (date). As you read in the novel, you'll see A Farewell to Arms on the screen! (Laurence 42-3). This was just one of the many shameless ploys Hollywood used over the years to exploit the celebrity status of the revered author; however "the effectiveness of such a publicity piece depended on the recipient's not having read the book-else they would recognize that no such situation exists in the novel" (43). Studios knew what they had to do get the ratings they sought; it was gratifying for the public "to believe that going to a movie was as good as reading a book" (43). By the time devoted Hemingway readers saw the film ... ... Arms he once said "(they did not ) also get the right to my sanction of the picture version" (Laurence 44). Despite the sum of money he made, Hemingway suggested "that the best way for a writer to deal with Hollywood was to meet the producers at the California state line: 'You throw them your book, they throw you the money. Then you jump into your car and drive like hell back the way you came" (Oliver "A Hemingway Retrospective") Works Cited: Laurence, Frank. Hemingway and the Movies. Jackson: University Press, 1981. Oliver, Charles ed. A Moving Picture Feast: The Filmgoers Hemingway. New York: Praeger 1989. Oliver, Charles. "A Hemingway Retrospective: Hemingway and Hollywood." http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/books/1999/hemingway/stories/hollywood/ http://mason-west.com/Hemingway/films.php: Films based on the works of Ernest Hemingway.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

The Second Coming

William Butler Yeats was born in Dublin, Ireland. His father was a lawyer and happened to be a well know artist of the time. Yeats was educated in both England, specifically London, and in Dublin, Ireland. Although the majority of his summers were spent in the west of Ireland in the family's summerhouse. Yeats was involved in societies that attempted to write and compose Irish literature. His first piece of literature appeared in 1887, but in his earlier period his dramatic production outweighed his poetry both in bulk and in import. Alongside Lady Gregory he founded the Irish Theatre, which became the Abbey Theatre, which served as its chief playwright until John Synge joined the movement. After 1910, Yeats's dramatic art took a sharp turn toward a static, and esoteric style. He was appointed to the Irish Senate in 1922. Yeats is one of the only writers who has their greatest works written after the award of the Nobel Prize, which he recieve for his literature in â€Å"dramatic works†. His most recurrent theme is the ideal of beauty and ceremony contrasting with the hubbub of modern life. Yates wrote in a period of modernism, right after World War One. Many other historical English writing favorites wrote in this time period where modernist ideals were most prevalent. William Butler Yeats was one of the most interesting and influential twentieth-century poets. The poem â€Å"The Second Coming† is cleverly split up into two different stanzas, being almost unrelated they still create a good connection for the reader to put the poem together. In the beginning of the poem Yates talks about a falcon which in medieval times be used to hung small ground animals such as rodents to bring back to their keeper. The falcon has flown too far away and has gotten itself lost trying to find its way, symbolizing a collapse of social anarchy in Europe (the atmosphere Yates was writing in) and setting a general overall mood for what the rest of the poem is to bring. In line four, the poem shifts and begins to talk about the violence and describes a hostile picture of a blood wave in which â€Å"innocence† is drowned. This line keeps with he same mood as the falcon losing its way also makes another shot at social stability (most likely referring to his society right after the war). Line nine strikes the beginning of the second stanza, and thus the reader a different vision. The â€Å"second Coming† will be occurring due to the shattering of social anarchy. Yates describes a figure intended to be the â€Å"second Coming† with fascinating and attractive adjectives, making the shadow who is not intended to be Christ seem very supreme. In an instant the figure disappears and darkness swells over again. Lastly Yates makes a reference about the character making a trip to Bethlehem to insure the birth of Christ, entering back into the world. An obvious literary device used in this poem is mood, but more importantly the change in mood and what it is suppose to signal. Mood is the overall feeling of the poem. This poem fluctuates but for the majority of the of it, the mood of darkness and evil seems to catch your eye. n line eighteen the darkness falls back over. Setting is also used in this poem to make connection to an object, in this case a creature. Setting is the time, or place the poem takes place in. The figure seen in line twelve of the second stanza is supposedly thought to be going to Bethlehem, a holy capital and recognized place of holiness. Hence when a setting such as Bethlehem is incorporated the reader can immediately consider the poems relevance to religious teachings or thought. You can see this biblical thought when Yates mentions the blood-dimmed wave in line five, which can be contrasted to the great biblical flood. Lastly the diction used by Yates to increase the reader's attention by rhyming the last word of lines together. Diction is the style of literary wording the writer chooses to use, and in this case a clever rhyming scheme was incorporated. For example in lines three and four the words hold and world are rhymed. World War one brought on loads of hardship and despair, one of the main characteristics of the modernism era and â€Å"The Second Coming†. This poem gives the reader a feeling of uneasiness from the mood and overall manner of the poem. It is meant to appear dark, mentioning things such as blood dimmed waves and darkness falling over you. â€Å"The Second Coming† has similar aspects as other poems of this time period. Many of the writer's of the modernism era kept a tight knit set of characteristics they wanted their literature to describe. 1984 by George Orwell relates to many themes and motifs, but one theme in particular relates also to the modern ear ideals. 984 was based on a society of lie and potential collapse at any moment, and in the poem society is collapsing in on itself as seen in line three and four when Yates references the center not being able to hold and mere anarchy being spread upon the world. in 1984 it appears anarchy being spread upon the earth already occurred and all that is left behind is merely a totalitarian government ruling over life forms more closely related to robots than actual hu mans with real emotion. The poem makes this same reference to as if the social integrity of the world crumbles, evil will insure with power.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Top 3 Reasons Why You Should Network

Top 3 Reasons Why You Should Network For those of you who, like me, dread the â€Å"networking† phase of job searching, here are some reassuring suggestions! It’s easy to dread the forced nature of â€Å"networking† or the awkwardness of feeling like you’re fake-interviewing someone who couldn’t care less about your background or ambitions but there are benefits to networking. That being said, here are 3 reasons why you should network. 1. Networking Isn’t Begging, It’s GivingThe advantage to letting someone get to know you is that they’ll remember you when it’s time to fill an open position. If you share some original ideas or have a meaningful conversation about something you’re passionate about- without the agenda of a job application- you’ll stay in their mind because of how well you click.At the same time, you also have an important opportunity to learn something crucial about the person you’ve just met, so that at some point in the future you can help them with their professional endeavors.2. Networking Can Improve Your Social SkillsThink of a networking opportunity (also known as â€Å"meeting someone socially with whom you have professional interests in common†) as a chance to gain three things, as Herges puts it:A sense of what makes the other person happy and inspiredAn idea of the best way to converse with the other person to make them feel appreciatedAn opportunity to showcase what it would be like to have you as a colleagueListening is such an underrated skill- and it neatly covers any uncertainty you might feel about what to say. Networking is noy only about what you can get,  but also about what you can contribute.3. You Can Network Without Even Trying!Here’s my favorite networking experience I’ve ever had- it took months to unfold and some lucky timing.In the course of my regular Twitter use, I started chatting with a musician named Matt; he invited me to swing by a birthday pa rty he was having. There, I struck up a conversation with Karen, a writer and freelancer, and we became friends on Twitter. A few weeks later she invited me to a bowling meet-up, where I started talking with Michael, a fellow Mets fan who was also a social media director. Because we’d become friends, I saw when he retweeted a friend of his who was seeking copywriters for a TV sports comedy show, and I got the gig (which remains one of my favorite freelance gigs I’ve ever had).It goes on! A year later when a colleague and I were out for a lunchtime walk, he mentioned was looking for freelancers on a writing and editing project; randomly my friend Karen happened to cross our path just a few minutes later. I introduced them and recommended my friend Karen for the project, and they’ve been working together ever since.I didn’t go into any of these encounters- the Twitter conversations, the birthday party, the bowling, or the walk- expecting to get a job; but I did hope I’d meet fun people, and it turned out they were people I’d like to work with sometime in the future. Because I was just being myself, I made a much better impression than I would have if I was in â€Å"networking mode.†Professional strategies can help you clarify your goals, but there’s no substitute for getting to know people in a low-stakes scenario.  3 Reasons Networking Is A Job Search Priority †¦Ã‚  Read More at www.pure-jobs.com

Monday, October 21, 2019

What Exactly Is Electronic Music essays

What Exactly Is Electronic Music essays Electronic music comes in all types of forms and speeds. Some forms are Jungle, House, Trance and Techno. Trance music is my personal favorite because of the beautiful melodies and build-ups. Jungle is a form of rap or "break" that has been sped up and mixed with all types of sounds. House and Techno are mostly the same; the only difference being that Techno tends to be harder and have more horn and whistle sounds. All of these forms have to be made or created with some sort of electronic device. You cant use a trumpet to create House, you have to use something that involves wires- whether that be a computer, sampler, turntables or a synthesizer. The Italian Futurist Manifesto was the first group to create a form of electronic music. They made noise boxes and machines that brought into existence the sounds of sirens, horns and whistles. This paved the way for the future of Techno music. It provided the tools that DJs need to incorporate sounds on top of the beat. After the invention of the noise boxes, Pierre Schaeffer and Pierre Henry, two composers, introduced sampling, or taking clips of recorded sounds and making a song or new sound, into the world. Shortly after that, other composers started making a sophisticated type of electronic music. Without these people experimenting with noise and the use of sound, we would have never had an idea of dance music today. Keyboards, synthesizers, samplers, turntables and even computers are the backbone of electronic music. A synthesizer is a type of keyboard that imitates the sounds of all types of instruments. When you hook up a synthesizer to a sampler or sequencer, (a machine that makes the drum beats) you can create your own tracks. Usually, DJs like to use analog synthesizers. They prefer these because you can get a more retro sound, like that of the 70s. Other inventions that electronic music incorporate is th ...

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Learn About the Tarantulas Family Theraphosidae

Learn About the Tarantulas Family Theraphosidae Tarantulas look big and scary, but theyre actually rather docile and virtually harmless to people. Members of the family Theraphosidae exhibit some interesting behaviors and share certain traits. Description Chances are, you would recognize a tarantula if you came across one, without knowing much at all about the traits that define it as a member of the family Theraphosidae. People recognize tarantulas by their enormous size, relative to other spiders, and by their conspicuously hairy bodies and legs. But theres more to a tarantula than hair and heft. Tarantulas are mygalomorphs, along with their close cousins the trapdoor spiders, the purse-web spiders, and the folding-door spiders. Mygalomorphic ​spiders have two pairs of book lungs, and large chelicerae bearing parallel fangs that move up and down (rather than sideways, as they do in araneomorphic spiders). Tarantulas also have two claws on each foot. See this diagram of the parts of a tarantula for more information about the tarantula body. Most tarantulas live in burrows, with some species modifying existing crevices or burrows to their liking, and others constructing their homes from scratch. Some arboreal species climb off the ground, living in trees or even on cliffsides. Classification Kingdom – Animalia Phylum – Arthropoda Class – Arachnida Order – Araneae Infraorder - Mygalomorphae Family - Theraphosidae Diet Tarantulas are generalist predators. Most hunt passively, by simply lying in wait near their burrows until something wanders within reach. Tarantulas will eat anything small enough to catch and consume: arthropods, reptiles, amphibians, birds, and even small mammals. In fact, theyll even eat other tarantulas given the opportunity. Theres an old joke that tarantula keepers tell to illustrate this point: Q: What do you get when you put two small tarantulas in a terrarium?A: One big tarantula. Life Cycle Tarantulas engage in sexual reproduction, although the male transfers his sperm indirectly. When hes ready to mate, the male tarantula constructs a silken sperm web and deposits his sperm there. He then sucks the sperm back up with his pedipalps, filling special sperm storage organs. Only then is he ready to find a mate. A male tarantula will travel at night in search of a receptive female. In many tarantula species, the male and female engage in courtship rituals before mating. They may dance or drum or quiver to prove their worth to one another. When the female appears willing, the male approaches and inserts his pedipalps into her genital opening, and releases his sperm. He then quickly retreats to avoid being eaten. Female tarantulas usually wrap her eggs in silk, creating a protective egg sac which she may suspend in her burrow or move as environmental conditions change. In most tarantula species, the young emerge from the egg sac as bald, immobile postembryo, which require a few more weeks to darken and molt into their first instar stage. Tarantulas are long-lived, and typically take years to reach sexual maturity. Female tarantulas can live 20 years or more, while the males  life expectancy is closer to 7 years. Special Behaviors and Defenses Although people often fear tarantulas, these big, hairy spiders are actually quite harmless. They arent likely to bite unless mishandled, and their venom isnt all that potent if they do. Tarantulas do, however, defend themselves if threatened. If they sense danger, many tarantulas will rear up on their hind legs, and extend their front legs and palpi in a kind of put up your dukes posture. Although they dont possess the means to inflict much damage on their attacker, this threatening posture is often enough to spook a potential predator. New World tarantulas employ a surprising defensive behavior – they fling urticating hairs plucked from their abdomens at the offenders face. These fine fibers can irritate the eyes and respiratory passages of predators, stopping them in their tracks. Even tarantula keepers need to be cautious when handling pet tarantulas. One tarantula owner in the UK was surprised when his eye doctor told him he had dozens of tiny hairs lodged in his eyeballs, and they were the cause of his discomfort and light sensitivity. Range and Distribution Tarantulas live in terrestrial habitats throughout the world, on every continent except Antarctica. Worldwide, about 900 species of tarantulas occur. Just 57 tarantula species inhabit the southwestern U.S. (according to Borror and DeLongs Introduction to the Study of Insects, 7th edition). Sources Bugs Rule! An Introduction to the World of Insects, by Whitney Cranshaw and Richard RedakBorror and Delongs Introduction to the Study of Insects, 7th edition, by Charles A. Triplehorn and Norman F. JohnsonTarantulas and Other Arachnids: Everything About Selection, Care, Nutrition, Health, Breeding, Behavior (Complete Pet Owners Manual), by Samuel D. MarshallThe Natural History of Tarantula Spiders,  by Richard C. Gallon. British Tarantula Society website, accessed online December 26, 2013.

Saturday, October 19, 2019

The Color of Paradise and Other Movies Movie Review

The Color of Paradise and Other Movies - Movie Review Example The film â€Å"Paradise Now » develops into a thriller when something goes wrong during the early stages of the plan’s execution. Said and Khaled become separated and Jamal is convinced that Said may be betraying the cause. This movie is a tough film because of what it attempts to do, which is in regards to the fact that it is a rare thing for a movie to present events of the Arab/Israeli struggle from the Palestinian side, where terrorists are viewed as ‘martyrs’ and ‘freedom fighters’ instead of killers. This movie is certainly one of speculation and possible great controversy, and yet regardless is brave for dealing with such sensitive and so-called ‘faux-pas’ issues. Trois Couleurs: Bleu is a movie of great interest. The director and writer, Krzysztof Kieslowski, tells the story in this film from the perspective of Julie (Juliette Binoche), which necessarily makes the film very dark and introspective. Overall, in the end, the story of this film isn’t a terribly ambitious one, but at the same time it remains devilishly interesting and enjoyable and maintains a slow burn throughout which leads to an explosive finale. This movie is one of a complex psychological study of emotional liberty. The plot is that Julie, wife of the famous composer Patrice de Courcy, must cope with the death of her husband and daughter in an automobile accident which only she herself survives. While recovering in the hospital, Julie even attempts suicide in her distraught stage. For the remainder of the film, she devotes herself to mental suicide, disassociating herself from all of her past memories and distancing herself from former friendships. Visually, the director uses many techniques in order to properly portray the sense of loss and Julie’s internal conflict – both of which are primary topics of the issue in this film. As Julie watches the funeral for her husband and daughter from her hospital bed, the dark shadow of her finger caresses the tiny casket on the screen. This movie is one of a certain emotion, and a number of critics rate this film as one of the great motion pictures of all time.

Friday, October 18, 2019

Sports Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Sports Psychology - Essay Example The inches we need are everywhere around us. They are in every break of the game, every minute, every second. On this team, we fight for that inch. On this team, we tear ourselves, and everyone around us to pieces for that inch. We CLAW with our finger nails for that inch. Cause we know when we add up all those inches thats going to make the fucking difference between WINNING and LOSING between LIVING and DYING,† the character of Al Pacino in Any Given Sunday. Motivational speeches are necessary as any sports psychologist will tell you. Mental preparation allows athletes tap that extra strength that usually comes out when at the height of enthusiasm. That’s why you hear about people lifting cars to save someone or jumping at heights not even Michael Jordan could have one for a game winning shot. Sport psychology professionals use all devices to help an athlete get motivated such as imagery and, like Al Pacino, deliver a speech as if humanity’s existence depends on it. Psychologists Robert M. Yerkes and John D. Dodson developed a hypothetical law that relates arousal with performance in 1908, based on biopsychology and neuroscience research. This is called the Inverted-U hypothesis. The theory says that as the arousal of an athlete increases, so does the performance. It will continue to increase until it reaches its peak. After that, if the arousal continues, the performance deteriorates. This hypothesis explains how the person’s arousal can affect its performance. It tells that a person’s performance can be maximized on a certain level of arousal. But the relationship between the level of performance and the level of arousal comes with the condition; both too low and too high level of arousal can produce low level or poor performance, while a moderate level of arousal can produce a high positive level of performance. This theory is illustrated on a diagram with two lines representing the arousal and the performance

Learning Theory Applications Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Learning Theory Applications - Research Paper Example They looked at the major themes in history and let students relate it to their own lives, allowing each student’s culture to be part of the curriculum. Dean and Gilbert took the roles as facilitators during the activity. Students analyzed the information, talked about the text, related it to their personal lives and thus, created meaningful learning experiences in the class. Yvonne Scott used the butterfly project which allowed students to plan among each other their roles based on their interest and strengths. The students created â€Å"departments,† and the class was run like a business/company. Suggestion: Not all students were able to express their ideas, and there were just quite a number who dominated the exchange of opinions. Working in small groups and making sure that everyone speaks at the beginning can encourage more students to participate in the discussion. Avram Barlow recreates the zeitgeist at the time when the laws were created and makes the students put themselves in the shoes of the law makers and civilians, and let them express their opinions and feelings about these laws. Barlow clarifies and rephrases the ideas put forth by the students. This form of feedback validates what they said, and ensures that students that they are listened to. Barlow also makes sure that they stay within the questions and objectives of the discussion. He restates the questions when it appears that they are getting off topic. Shaheen acknowledges students vary in the assistance that they need. He is more confident of students who take notes during discussion and those who take risks. He gave tips on how a student gives feedback and demonstrates how this will be helpful to her peer. Suggestion: Students who are not very comfortable may not initially want to work in groups. Paired work may be given first while gradually moving into small groups. This initially establishes mutual trust and a safe

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Fast Food Restaurants Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Fast Food Restaurants - Assignment Example Therefore, in Fast Food restaurants industry, customer loyalty is built, earned and retained with the following components; Product quality, Product attributes, Brand name, Store environment (relates to customer experience with the restaurant and restaurant's ambiance), Service quality, Price, Promotion, Trust and Satisfaction. In this industry, a loyal customer means the person who avail's a restaurant's services, is highly satisfied with them, has a pleasant customer experience with the place, trusts the restaurant to provide high quality good food, considers product/service attributes to be excellent, considers the product/service quality as high, considers price to be worth the product/service offering, rates promotional activities to be highly attractive and goes for the brand name created by the restaurant, like McDonalds (Nezakati, 13). For fast food firms, customer loyalty is when a particular customer revisits their restaurant again and again and repurchases their service. M oreover, these are the customers who visit the restaurant very frequently, for instance a customer who eats at the restaurant twice every week. They are happy customers who give a positive feedback when asked about the food and they give generous tips to the waiters. Customer loyalty is measured by the revenue generated from a particular customer, a regular customer whose name every waiter would know or who could be recognized by face (Rehman et.al., 1-2). For customers, customer loyalty is the high level of satisfaction they receive from dining in a fast food restaurant. For them, customer loyalty is a product of high quality product/service that completely fulfills the customer expectations and satisfy their preferences or needs. For customers, to be a loyal consumer of a fast food restaurant's food, it is essential for the restaurant to provide them with a complete service experience. The ambiance of the place must be pleasant and enjoyable. Food must be of high quality and most importantly it must be hygienic and worth every penny they pay for it. The service must be prompt and efficient as customers do not like to wait a lot when it comes to food and restaurant staff must be hospitable and helpful since many at times customers ask for suggestions from the staff as to what they should order and what is the best dish they serve. So in a nutshell, for customers to be loyal they must be provided a high quality food service as for customers, customer loyalty is what an organization earns from the absolute satisfaction of a customer. It is all about meeting customer expectations and living up to them (Rehman et.al., 1-2). To be more specific, companies and customers define customer loyalty by dividing it into two types; attitudinal loyalty and behavioral loyalty. Attitudinal loyalty is a state of mind a customer is in which displays a positive preferential attitude of the customer towards a company's products/services. It simply depends on the customers' liking , if they like a certain brand, like in this case if they love McDonalds, they will even pay a premium price to buy the product compared to its lower priced competitor, for instance KFC in this case. Behavioral loyalty is simply dependent on the customer's conduct without any consideration of their attitude or preference.

Human production Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human production - Assignment Example At puberty, the kiss1 gene activates GPR54 gene which then activates hypothalamus to produce GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone); a hormone that stimulates pituitary gland to produce hormones that affect testicles and ovaries. In males, testosterone is produced that affects the development of testes and penis along with the development of secondary sexual characteristics. In females, estradiol is produced by ovaries and it brings about the development of reproductive system and secondary sexual characteristics. An additional effect is the onset of menarche. 6. Spermatogenesis may be divided into three phases: spermatocytogenesis which is a proliferative phase; meiosis which produced cells containing half number of chromosomes and spermiogenesis (mitosis allows division of spermatogonia and they develop into primary spermatocytes and during Meiosis 2 secondary spermatocytes are produced) in which spermatozoa are produced. Seminiferous tubules allow spermatozoa a channel to pass through. Spermiogenesis comes to an end when spermatozoa are released from sertoli cells. Androgen (testosterone) is produced by Leydig cells. 7. Sperms are produced within seminiferous tubules from where they migrate to epididymis. They are stored here until maturation. During ejaculation, the sperm travel from epididymis to vas deferens, the ampulla. At this point other secretions are added to the sperms and the mixture is then propelled towards the ejaculatory duct and then while passing through urethra prostrate gland’s secretions is added. The combination of all these products is now known as semen which takes on a milky color; a secretion that is then expelled out of the body. Uterus is made up of layers of smooth muscle and it is hollow from within. It consists of an isthmus, cervix, fundus and a body. During menstruation, the inner lining show growth of tissue; preparation of the uterus for implantation if

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Fast Food Restaurants Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Fast Food Restaurants - Assignment Example Therefore, in Fast Food restaurants industry, customer loyalty is built, earned and retained with the following components; Product quality, Product attributes, Brand name, Store environment (relates to customer experience with the restaurant and restaurant's ambiance), Service quality, Price, Promotion, Trust and Satisfaction. In this industry, a loyal customer means the person who avail's a restaurant's services, is highly satisfied with them, has a pleasant customer experience with the place, trusts the restaurant to provide high quality good food, considers product/service attributes to be excellent, considers the product/service quality as high, considers price to be worth the product/service offering, rates promotional activities to be highly attractive and goes for the brand name created by the restaurant, like McDonalds (Nezakati, 13). For fast food firms, customer loyalty is when a particular customer revisits their restaurant again and again and repurchases their service. M oreover, these are the customers who visit the restaurant very frequently, for instance a customer who eats at the restaurant twice every week. They are happy customers who give a positive feedback when asked about the food and they give generous tips to the waiters. Customer loyalty is measured by the revenue generated from a particular customer, a regular customer whose name every waiter would know or who could be recognized by face (Rehman et.al., 1-2). For customers, customer loyalty is the high level of satisfaction they receive from dining in a fast food restaurant. For them, customer loyalty is a product of high quality product/service that completely fulfills the customer expectations and satisfy their preferences or needs. For customers, to be a loyal consumer of a fast food restaurant's food, it is essential for the restaurant to provide them with a complete service experience. The ambiance of the place must be pleasant and enjoyable. Food must be of high quality and most importantly it must be hygienic and worth every penny they pay for it. The service must be prompt and efficient as customers do not like to wait a lot when it comes to food and restaurant staff must be hospitable and helpful since many at times customers ask for suggestions from the staff as to what they should order and what is the best dish they serve. So in a nutshell, for customers to be loyal they must be provided a high quality food service as for customers, customer loyalty is what an organization earns from the absolute satisfaction of a customer. It is all about meeting customer expectations and living up to them (Rehman et.al., 1-2). To be more specific, companies and customers define customer loyalty by dividing it into two types; attitudinal loyalty and behavioral loyalty. Attitudinal loyalty is a state of mind a customer is in which displays a positive preferential attitude of the customer towards a company's products/services. It simply depends on the customers' liking , if they like a certain brand, like in this case if they love McDonalds, they will even pay a premium price to buy the product compared to its lower priced competitor, for instance KFC in this case. Behavioral loyalty is simply dependent on the customer's conduct without any consideration of their attitude or preference.

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Surreal (subject is hair and make up) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Surreal (subject is hair and make up) - Essay Example This unorthodox artistic style is applied to a perception of how hair trends may be in the future, but the distortion and exaggeration incorporated into the hair style is an attempt to drive the viewer beyond what is traditional and familiar. The viewer’s sentiment may range anywhere from surprise or delight, to perplexity and even confusion, and in the extreme even a strong dislike or disgust. This type of artistic style is disturbing to many, and not a few will decide that they find it unacceptable and for being vulgar and boorish. Many famous artists are not appreciated during their lifetimes; their creations are mocked and derided, and this is not difficult to imagine in the case of Modigliani and other avant-garde artists. People could not understand the artist’s vision and his concept of reality, at least during his lifetime, because contemporaries are exposed to the same environment, and being exposed to the same context, the normal expectation is to perceive things in the same context. However, a good artist is ahead of his time, and he sees things beyond the context of his contemporaries. In most cases, visionary art is ignored during the artist’s lifetime, but appreciated by succeeding generations, so it is only after the artist’s death and when many of his works have been destroyed, lost or scattered, that the pieces of art become valued, even priceless. It is thus a pity that while the artist lives, his philosophy conveyed through his art and lifestyle are lost to oblivion, only to resurface later on and accorded the value it truly deserves. It is this timeless element of Modigliani’s distortion and exaggeration that I wish to capture and translate to a fashion statement for the future. The distortion and exaggeration works to enhance that element in the artist’s vision that escapes and is lost to the everyday observer, and the emphasis is to draw the ordinary person’s

Tv Boon or Bane Essay Example for Free

Tv Boon or Bane Essay One hardly comes across a house today that does not have a TV set. Even those who belong to the lower income group invest in a TV set as soon as they can afford it. Most Indians spend their evenings glued to the television as this is the most easily available entertainment for them. Now there are cable connections in most of the houses and with the advent of international channels on our television, the popularity of TV has grown many folds. How TV does affect our lives today? We have to consider its advantages and disadvantages. In some ways TV is a boon. It is a vital source of information and helps to shape our lives in many ways. It keeps us posted with the latest political, social and cultural developments in the world. Hence, it educates us. It brings the people of the world closer by removing the distances that exist between us. Sitting in our rooms, we get a view of the entire world. TV also takes us nearer to the cultures of the world. While entertaining us with soap operas, dances, plays, music, etc. , it educates us about the lifestyles of the foreigners in those lands where these programmes are produced. We can compare our own culture with theirs and can learn something from them. With a television set in the house, a person can never get lonely. It can be mans best friend. However, the television turns into a curse when it interferes with the normal routine of our day. When children neglect their school books and homework, the television becomes a curse. It is a source of great temptation for children to watch a cartoon show or a movie on TV rather than study. Adults often become less social because of the television. They tie themselves down to the house according to the timings of their favourite television programme thus making themselves unavailable for various social gatherings. They might skip meeting a friend or calling on their relatives because they would rather watch a movie on television. This keeps them confined to the house and they often miss out on activities which are equally, if not more important, outside the four walls of the house. If one balances the TV viewing time and time for work, then TV is a boon all the way, else it may become a curse.

Monday, October 14, 2019

Radiographic Quality of Root Canal Treatments

Radiographic Quality of Root Canal Treatments Title: Radiographic quality of root canal treatments performed by undergraduate dental students Authors: Masoud Saatchi1, Golshan Mohammadi2, Armita Vali Sichani3 Dental Research Center, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Isfahan, Iran. School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Isfahan, Iran. Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Isfahan, Iran. Summary: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the quality of root canal treatments performed by students of Isfahan University School of Dentistry between 2013 and 2015. Periapical radiographs from 784 root treated teeth including 1674 root canals were randomly selected and evaluated in terms of quality of root fillings (length and density of root fillings) and procedural errors (ledge, foramen perforation, root perforation, and fractured instrument). Descriptive statistics and chi square test were used for evaluation of the data (P Key words: dentistry, procedural errors, radiography, root canal treatment, undergraduate student Introduction Root canal treatment (RCT) is an important part of comprehensive dental care (1). High prevalence of apical periodontitis in endodontically treated teeth, as reported by epidemiological studies (2-4), reveals that outcome of RCT in many populations is poor, which as a health care problem can elicit medical, economical and ethical consequences (1). Outcome of primary endodontic treatment is reported to be associated with many factors (5). One of these factors is technical quality of RCT that is usually evaluated using radiographic method (3, 6). Its shown that the length of the root filling, relative to the radiographic apex, significantly affects the treatment outcomes (7). In addition, root fillings with an adequate density are strongly associated with a lower risk of periapical disease (8). Also, procedural errors such as ledges, zip and elbow formations, fractured instruments and perforations may accrue during the RCT. These errors may result in compromised cleaning and shaping, leakage through root filling or infection of the periradicular tissues and can jeopardize the endodontic outcomes (9). Recent studies accomplished in various population groups, show that undesirable quality is a common finding in RCTs performed by dentists and undergraduate dental students (Table 1). Therefore a worldwide enhancement in the quality of RCT is required (2) that could be achieved by means of education. Studies concerning quality of RCT are needed in order to appraise the efficiency of dental training, highlight the weaknesses and help with the planning for dental education. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate quality of root canal treatments (quality of root fillings and incidence of procedural errors) performed by students of Isfahan University School of Dentistry between 2013 and 2015. Materials and methods In this cross-sectional study, a random sample of 1200 cases were selected from the records of patients who had received RCT by undergraduate students at School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, during 2013-2015. Records with missing or unreadable radiographs due to improper imaging or processing technique, or those with radiographs that didnt show the entire length of the root canals and 2mm of periapical area, were excluded. Finally, 784 treated teeth including 1674 canals were evaluated. The RCTs were accomplished by fourth, fifth and sixth year undergraduate dental students according to the fallowing protocol: after taking medical and dental history and diagnosis of palp and periapical disease, local anesthesia was injected and the access cavity was prepared. An aseptic technique with rubber dam isolation was applied and working length was determined using periapical radiographs. Canals were prepared using step back technique by means of stainless steel k-files of 0.02 taper (Dentsply, Tusla, USA or Mani, Tochigi, Japan). In some case Gates-Glidden drills (Mani, Tochigi, Japan) were used for preparation of coronal third of the canals. Canals were irrigated by 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. Obturations were carried out using lateral compaction technique with gutta-percha cones (Ariadent, Tehran, Iran) and a ZOE based sealer. Teeth were temporarily restored and referred for permanent restorations. For root canal treatment of each tooth, 4 periapical radiographs (preoperati ve, working length determination, master cone and postoperative) were taken by the bisecting-angle method using De Gotzen dental radiography machine (De Gotzen, Roma, Italy) and E speed size 2 intraoral films (Primax, Berlin, Germany). Developing solutions (Champion, Tehran, Iran) were used to possess the radiographs in a time-temperature technique. Endodontist academic stuff supervised all the treatment steps. Average academic stuff: student ratio has been 1: 6 at the time of the study. In order to evaluate the quality of each RCT, at least 3 radiographs including preoperative, working length determination and postoperative, were examined. Evaluations were made in a dark room under even illumination and 3x magnification. Radiographs were mounted in a cardboard slit to exclude the extraneous lights. Measurements were done using a transparent ruler of 0.5 mm accuracy. In cases that the radiographic images were taken with an alternation in horizontal angulation, it was supposed that they were exposed with a mesial angulation. Two individual investigators (GM and AV) securitized the radiographs of each record. The results were compared and in case of disagreement a third investigator (MS) was asked to examine the records, and a final agreement was achieved. Before the study, investigators were calibrated and Inter-examination agreement was determined by evaluating 30 radiographic records that werent included in the study. For establishing intra-examiner agreement, each investigator re-evaluated the same radiographs after 2 weeks. Evaluation of quality of RCTs was accomplished by examining radiographic quality of root fillings and detection of the procedural errors. Root canal was considered as the unit of evaluation. Quality of root filling in each canal was categorized as acceptable and unacceptable based on the following criteria: Acceptable root filling: root filling ending 0-2 mm from radiographic apex without any visible voids in the filling mass or between the filling mass and root canal walls. Unacceptable root filling: Overfilling: root filling that extends beyond radiographic apex. Undrefilling: root filling ending shorter than 2 mm from the radiographic apex. Inadequate density: root fillings with visible voids in the filling mass or between the filling mass and root canal walls. The criteria for the detection of procedural errors in this study, were as follows: A ledge was identified if the root filling in the final radiograph did not follow the curvature of the main canal path in working-length radiograph. Root perforations (including furcation perforation, strip perforation and lateral perforations of the root) were detected when extrusion of the filling materials was identified in any area of the root except the apical foramen. Foramen perforation was diagnosed when the apical termination of the filled canal appeared as an elliptical shape transported to the outer wall. Fractured instruments: was detected by observing a part of instrument in the root canal or in periarticular area in the final radiograph. Statistical analysis Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA). Descriptive analyzes were used for expressing frequency of radiographic criteria of quality of RCTs. Pearsons chi square test was used to compare the results among tooth types and locations and also academic year of students. P-values Results From 1200 collected records of endodontically treated teeth, 416 cases (34.7%) were excluded and 734 teeth including 1674 root canals were evaluated. 52% of treated root canals were in maxilla and 48% were in mandible. Canals of molar teeth comprised the most frequent treated root canals (68%), followed by canals of premolars (22%) and anterior teeth (10%) . 6th   year students performed RCTs on 49% of root canals. 5th and 4th year students treated 32% and 19% of root canals, respectively. Anterior teeth and premolars constituted the teeth treated by 4th year students while 5th and 6th year students treated premolars and molars (Table 2). Technical quality of root fillings According to length and density, acceptable fillings was found in 54.1% of root canals. From treated maxillary root canals, 56.2% and from treated mandibular root canals, 51.9% were acceptable. Rate of acceptable root fillings wasnt significantly different between the two arches (P=0.072). Among tooth types, canals of molar teeth exhibited lower ratio of acceptable root fillings (51.3%) compared to premolars (61.3%) (P=0.001). Rate of acceptable fillings in anterior teeth (57.7%) wasnt significantly different from molars (P=0.430) and premolars (P=0.128). Inadequate density, overfilling and underfilling was found in 34.6%, 11% and 8.3% of root canals, respectively. In both arches inadequate density consisted the most common cause for unacceptable fillings. In maxilla overfilling consisted the second frequent cause for unacceptable fillings, followed by under filling, However, underfilling was the second common cause of unacceptable fillings in mandible and overfilling was the least f requent cause (Table 3). From the root canals treated by 5th year students 46.1% had acceptable fillings which is significantly lower than canals treated by 4th year students (55.6%) (P=0.007) and 6th year students (58.8%) (Pth and 6th year students (P=0.339) (Table 4). Procedural errors: Procedural errors were found in 18.6% of root treated canals. Incidence of procedural errors between 5th year students (22.2%) and 6th year students (19%) wasnt significantly different (P=0.149). Students of 4th year had created less procedural errors (11.6%) than students of 5th year (Pth year (P=0.003). Ledge was the most frequent procedural error and was identified in 12.5% of root treated canals. Foramen perforation, root perforation and fractured instrument were detected in 2%, 2.4% and 2% of canals, respectively (Table 5). Incidence of procedural errors wasnt significantly different in canals of anterior teeth (12.3%) and premolars (9.5%) (P=0.341). These errors were significantly more frequent in canals of molars (22.5%) than anterior teeth (P=0.003) and premolars (P The k-value for inter-examiner agreement was 0.87 for detection of acceptable root fillings and 0.81 for identification of RCTs without procedural errors. For intra-examiner agreement k-values for detection of acceptable root fillings and identification of RCTs without procedural errors were 0.93 and 0.87 for first and 0.84 and 0.81 for second investigator, respectively. Discussion This study was designed to evaluate the quality of root canal treatments accomplished by undergraduate dental students at School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Periapical radiographs taken during the RCT procedures were used for this investigation. Root fillings were considered acceptable if terminated 0-2 mm from radiographic apex and had no voids. This criteria is extensively documented to be associated with improved periapical health (4, 5, 8). In order to limit inter-examiner and intra-examiner erraticism, the radiographic criteria were strictly defined and two investigators were calibrated before the study. Its reported that great variations could exist between investigators regarding assessment of technical quality of RCT (22). In the present study, the k-value of 0.87 for detection of acceptable root fillings and 0.81 for identification of RCTs without procedural errors, exhibit good agreement between the investigators. Also values for intra-examiner agreement were found to be greater than 0.81, which shows reliability of each investigator. Acceptable root fillings according to length and density was found in 54.1% of investigated canals. Comparing this result to the findings of others is rather difficult due to differences in level of practitioners (undergraduate students, general practitioners, and endodontists), techniques and materials used for preparation and obturation of the canal and also evaluation criteria used to assess the quality of RCT. For example, in the study of Bierenkrant et al. (18) who investigated root canals treated by endodontists, 91% of root fillings had adequate quality which is greater than the present study and other studies investigating quality of RCT performed by undergraduate students and general practitioners (Table 2). Among the studies concerning quality of RCT performed by undergraduate students, frequency of acceptable fillings in the current study is comparable to the findings of Eleftheriadis Lambrianidis (14) (55.3%) and Khabbaz et al. (19) (54.8%). In the study of Er et al. (15 ), 33% of root fillings were acceptable which is less than the present study; thought, they used different evaluation criteria. Lynch and Burke (16) reported adequate fillings in 63% of RCTs, which is higher than the present study, however they only evaluated single rooted teeth. In the present study, inadequate density was the most common cause for unqualified root fillings. This is consistent with the findings of Balto et al. (20). Its believed that lateral condensation technique with gutta percha, could create voids in canals with insufficient flaring (14). No significant difference was found between quality of maxillary and mandibular root fillings. Also adequate root fillings in molars were less than premolars. This result was consistent with findings of Er et al. (15) and Khabbaz et al. (19) who report a lower quality of root fillings in molar teeth. This could be explained by posterior position and complex anatomy of these teeth. Students of 5th year had performed more unacceptable root fillings than 4th and 6th year students. This could be explained considering the fact that at Isfahan University School of Dentistry, first clinical encounter of undergraduate students with molar teeth, is at their 5th year of study. Iatrogenic errors were detected in 18.6% of root canals. These errors are more frequent in molar teeth. Balto et al. (20) and Khabbaz et al. (19) also reported a high prevalence procedural errors in molar teeth. The reason for this, could be explained by curved and narrow canals of molar teeth, which makes them challenging for undergraduate students. Furthermore, 5th and 6th year students had created more procedural errors than 4th year students. This is because 4th year students only perform RCTs on anterior teeth and premolars which are less challenging than molar teeth. In this study, ledge was found to be the most frequent procedural error and was detected in 12.5% of root canals. This finding is similar to incidence of ledged root canals in the study of Khabbaz et al. (19) and is less than study of Eleftheriadis Lambrianidis (14). Its shown that stainless steel hand files used by unexperienced undergraduate students could increase the incidence of ledge and other procedural errors (14). Radiographic images cannot illustrate all iatrogenic errors. For instance, over instrumentation which drives pulpal fragments and microorganisms beyond the apex into the periapical tissues, can only be radiographically diagnosed when it is followed by extrusion of filling material from the apex. The use of bisecting-angle technique for taking periapical radiographs, results in less accuracy in recognition of canal length, comparing to the parallel technique (23). It has also been shown that using only one orthoradial radiographic image for assessing the adaptation of the filling material to the root canal walls, isnt reliable. This adaptation has to be further investigated with at least one extra radiography of distal or mesial angulation in order to obtain more realistic estimate of density of root filling (24). Although radiographic quality of RCT is a significant determinant in predicting outcomes of primary endodontic treatment, the radiographic images can not reflect the general quality of treatment. Application of the antiseptic and aseptic techniques, material used and microbial circumstance of the canal are the predicting factors which are not investigated in radiographic studies. At Isfahan University School of Dentistry, Step-back preparation and cold lateral condensation techniques are being taught to the undergraduate dental student. Most universities teach these standard techniques to their students. Its shown that using rotary Ni-Ti instruments provide better canal shaping, reduce the procedural errors and are being taught in undergraduate curriculum in some dental schools (17). In many studied insufficient time allocated to clinical and preclinical training, the academic stuff: student ratio and evaluation methods are stated as reasons for low quality of RCTs in university clinics (14, 19, 20). Isfahan University School of Dentistry uses endodontic specialists and 3rd year post graduate students as training stuff. Also academic curriculum have been recently revised to increase preclinical training. Nevertheless, enhancing the time allocated to clinical training and increasing stuff: student ratio could lead to improvements in quality of RCTs performed by undergraduate students. In conclusion, findings of this study shows that 54.1% of root fillings performed by undergraduate students of Isfahan University School of Dentistry were acceptable. Thus, there a necessity to revise the educational programs in Endodontics in order to improve quality of root canal treatments. References: 1.Boucher Y, Matossian L, Rilliard F, Machtou P. Radiographic evaluation of the prevalence and technical quality of root canal treatment in a French subpopulation. Int Endod J. 2002;35(3):229-38. 2.Asgary S, Shadman B, Ghalamkarpour Z, Shahravan A, Ghoddusi J, Bagherpour A, et al. Periapical Status and Quality of Root canal Fillings and Coronal Restorations in Iranian Population. Iran Endod J. 2010;5(2):74-82. 3.Moreno JO, Alves FR, Goncalves LS, Martinez AM, Rocas IN, Siqueira JF, Jr. Periradicular status and quality of root canal fillings and coronal restorations in an urban Colombian population. J Endod. 2013;39(5):600-4. 4.Pak JG, Fayazi S, White SN. Prevalence of periapical radiolucency and root canal treatment: a systematic review of cross-sectional studies. J Endod. 2012;38(9):1170-6. 5.Ng YL, Mann V, Rahbaran S, Lewsey J, Gulabivala K. Outcome of primary root canal treatment: systematic review of the literature-Part 2. Influence of clinical factors. Int Endod J. 2008;41(1):6-31. 6.Craveiro MA, Fontana CE, de Martin AS, Bueno CE. Influence of coronal restoration and root canal filling quality on periapical status: clinical and radiographic evaluation. J Endod. 2015;41(6):836-40. 7.Sjà ¶gren U, Hà ¤gglund B, Sundqvist G, Wing K. Factors affecting the long-term results of endodontic treatment. J Endod. 1990;16(10):498-504. 8.Chugal NM, Clive JM, Spangberg LS. Endodontic infection: some biologic and treatment factors associated with outcome. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2003;96(1):81-90. 9.Peters OA. Current challenges and concepts in the preparation of root canal systems: a review. J Endod. 2004;30(8):559-67. 10.Hayes SJ, Gibson M, Hammond M, Bryant ST, Dummer PM. An audit of root canal treatment performed by undergraduate students. Int Endod J. 2001;34(7):501-5. 11.Dugas NN, Lawrence HP, Teplitsky PE, Pharoah MJ, Friedman S. Periapical health and treatment quality assessment of root-filled teeth in two Canadian populations. Int Endod J. 2003;36(3):181-92. 12.Barrieshi-Nusair KM, Al-Omari MA, Al-Hiyasat AS. Radiographic technical quality of root canal treatment performed by dental students at the Dental Teaching Center in Jordan. J Dent. 2004;32(4):301-7. 13.Segura-Egea JJ, Jimenez-Pinzon A, Poyato-Ferrera M, Velasco-Ortega E, Rios-Santos JV. Periapical status and quality of root fillings and coronal restorations in an adult Spanish population. Int Endod J. 2004;37(8):525-30. 14.Eleftheriadis GI, Lambrianidis TP. Technical quality of root canal treatment and detection of iatrogenic errors in an undergraduate dental clinic. Int Endod J. 2005;38(10):725-34. 15.Er O, Sagsen B, Maden M, Cinar S, Kahraman Y. Radiographic technical quality of root fillings performed by dental students in Turkey. Int Endod J. 2006;39(11):867-72. 16.Lynch CD, Burke FM. Quality of root canal fillings performed by undergraduate dental students on single-rooted teeth. Eur J Dent Educ. 2006;10(2):67-72. 17.Moussaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Badran S, Roy B, Bessart du Parc A, Bruyant M, Lefevre B, Maurin J. Technical quality of root fillings performed by dental students at the dental teaching centre in Reims, France. Int Endod J. 2008;41(8):679-84. 18.Bierenkrant DE, Parashos P, Messer HH. The technical quality of nonsurgical root canal treatment performed by a selected cohort of Australian endodontists. Int Endod J. 2008;41(7):561-70. 19.Khabbaz MG, Protogerou E, Douka E. Radiographic quality of root fillings performed by undergraduate students. Int Endod J. 2010;43(6):499-508. 20.Balto H, Al Khalifah S, Al Mugairin S, Al Deeb M, Al-Madi E. Technical quality of root fillings performed by undergraduate students in Saudi Arabia. Int Endod J. 2010;43(4):292-300. 21.Yavari H, Samiei M, Shahi S, Borna Z, Abdollahi AA, Ghiasvand N, et al. Radiographic evaluation of root canal fillings accomplished by undergraduate dental students. Iran Endod J. 2015;10(2):127-30. 22.Lambrianidis T. Observer variations in radiographic evaluation of endodontic therapy. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1985;1(6):235-41. 23.Forsberg J. Estimation of the root filling length with the paralleling and bisecting-angle techniques performed by undergraduate students. Int Endod J. 1987;20(6):282-6. 24.Eckerbom M, Magnusson T. Evaluation of technical quality of endodontic treatmentreliability of intraoral radiographs. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1997;13(6):259-64.

Sunday, October 13, 2019

Concusions in Athletes Essay examples -- Sports

In recent studies, it has been found that concussions resulting from athletics are becoming increasingly dangerous while at the same time given less consideration. Sports related mild traumatic brain injuries in children have increased by sixty percent in the last decade. Approximately 173,285 cases of mild traumatic brain injuries relating to sports are treated each year in U.S. emergency departments (CDC). One may ask just what exactly a concussion is. A concussion can be defined as a clinical syndrome characterized by immediate and transient impairment of neural function, such as alteration of consciousness, disturbance of vision, equilibrium, etc., due to mechanical forces (Roy/Irvin, 142). The brain is made up of a â€Å"tofu-like† substance which can impact against the rigid walls of the skull, causing a change in neurological function and more. Basically, a concussion is when the head or body suffers a blow and the brain gets â€Å"sloshed† around causing it damage (Roy/Irvin, 142). There are many ways that a person can obtain a concussion. Concussions could be a result of a car accident or an unexpected fall. In sports, they are usually caused by a direct blow to the head. This can happen when a bat, hockey stick, or any type of ball strikes the head. It can also happen when a player comes in contact with another player, as in tackling during football. A concussion could also be a result of colliding with a stationary object, such as a post or wall (Children’s Memorial Hospital). The most important and also the most difficult process of a concussion is recognizing one. Some athletes will experience obvious signs and symptoms of a concussion and others will have none. Each human brain is very different which makes recognition ver... ...p://www.childrensmemorial.org/depts/sportsmedicine/concussion-in-sport.aspx>. Faul, M., L. Xu, and VG Coronado. "CDC - Traumatic Brain Injury." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011. Web. 01 Feb. 2012. . Gupta, Sanjay. "Sports Concussion - Protecting Youth Athletes from Concussions..." SportsConcussions.org | Concussion Testing Made Simple. 2011. Web. 12 Jan. 2012. . McBride, Tiffany. "Concussions in Sports." E-mail interview. 19 Jan. 2012. Roy, Steven, and Richard Irvin. Sports Medicine: Prevention, Evaluation, Management, and Rehabilitation. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1983. Print. Valovich McLeod, Tara C. "Concussions: Cognitive Rest." Athletic Therapy Today 2010: 1-4. Web.

Saturday, October 12, 2019

Saddam Hussein: The U.S Portrayal of Evil Encarnate :: American America History

Saddam Hussein: The U.S Portrayal of Evil Encarnate When Iraq invaded and occupied the country of Kuwait in August 1990, the Bush administration was faced with several dilemmas. From a foreign policy point of view, this action could greatly destabilize the balance of power in a part of the world that was vital to U.S. interests. The United States was dependant on a continuous flow of oil to drive its economic machine, which Kuwait supplied greatly. In addition, this move would put more power into the hands of a government that was not only unfriendly to the U.S., but a sworn enemy of the state of Israel, a strong U.S. ally. In addition to, the fall of communism had created what George Bush had described as, "A new world order," and would become the first major test of how the U.S. would handle its role as the sole remaining super power in this "new world order." There were many challenges facing the Bush administration as to the manner in which they would handle this first major international crisis. The Bush administration had to dev elop a consensus of the major remaining powers, and appear not acting alone in its response to President Saddam Hussein's actions of invading Kuwait. They also yearned to keep Israel from being involved so as not to alienate the remaining Middle Eastern nations. Lastly, they faced a domestic dilemma, in that much of the American public had significant reservations about involving U.S. troops involved in a foreign conflict. There remained a bad taste of Vietnam among the American public, and there were very mixed responses to American involvement in Somalia, Nicaragua, and Grenada. For the Bush administration, Hussein was not a merchant who could be bargained with, but rather an outlaw who would have to be defeated by force. The Bush administration was faced with a task of developing (more or less) overwhelming support from the U.S. people to take any action in Kuwait, which was accomplished by a dramatic public relations move to demonize Saddam Hussein in the eyes of the American pe ople. The task of the United States demonizing Saddam Hussein was facilitated by many factors, both real and imaginary; a mixture of true facts and public relations image making. On the fact side, Saddam Hussein was indeed a dictator, and responsible for some true atrocities. Hussein ruled with an iron fist. Most accounts of political analysts looking at Iraq agree that his rein was one characterized by fear of the state. Saddam Hussein: The U.S Portrayal of Evil Encarnate :: American America History Saddam Hussein: The U.S Portrayal of Evil Encarnate When Iraq invaded and occupied the country of Kuwait in August 1990, the Bush administration was faced with several dilemmas. From a foreign policy point of view, this action could greatly destabilize the balance of power in a part of the world that was vital to U.S. interests. The United States was dependant on a continuous flow of oil to drive its economic machine, which Kuwait supplied greatly. In addition, this move would put more power into the hands of a government that was not only unfriendly to the U.S., but a sworn enemy of the state of Israel, a strong U.S. ally. In addition to, the fall of communism had created what George Bush had described as, "A new world order," and would become the first major test of how the U.S. would handle its role as the sole remaining super power in this "new world order." There were many challenges facing the Bush administration as to the manner in which they would handle this first major international crisis. The Bush administration had to dev elop a consensus of the major remaining powers, and appear not acting alone in its response to President Saddam Hussein's actions of invading Kuwait. They also yearned to keep Israel from being involved so as not to alienate the remaining Middle Eastern nations. Lastly, they faced a domestic dilemma, in that much of the American public had significant reservations about involving U.S. troops involved in a foreign conflict. There remained a bad taste of Vietnam among the American public, and there were very mixed responses to American involvement in Somalia, Nicaragua, and Grenada. For the Bush administration, Hussein was not a merchant who could be bargained with, but rather an outlaw who would have to be defeated by force. The Bush administration was faced with a task of developing (more or less) overwhelming support from the U.S. people to take any action in Kuwait, which was accomplished by a dramatic public relations move to demonize Saddam Hussein in the eyes of the American pe ople. The task of the United States demonizing Saddam Hussein was facilitated by many factors, both real and imaginary; a mixture of true facts and public relations image making. On the fact side, Saddam Hussein was indeed a dictator, and responsible for some true atrocities. Hussein ruled with an iron fist. Most accounts of political analysts looking at Iraq agree that his rein was one characterized by fear of the state.

Friday, October 11, 2019

Jean Froissart Essay

The French historian and poet Jean Froissart (c. 1333-c. 1405) was educated for the church but at the age of nineteen began to write a history of the wars of his time. In 1360 he went to England, where he received a gracious welcome from Philippa of Hainault, wife of Edward III, who appointed him clerk of her chamber. In 1364 he traveled in Scotland, where he was the guest of King David Bruce and of the Earl of Douglas. In 1366 he went to Aquitaine with the Black Prince; in 1368 he was in Italy, possibly with Chaucer and Patriarch, at the marriage of the Duke of Clarence. About 1390 he settled in Flanders, and resumed work on his Chronicle. In 1395 he revisited England, and was cordially welcomed by Richard II. He then returned to Chimay, where he had obtained a canonry, and where he may have died. This essay will explore the three places where Jean had visited and her description on loyalty, nationality and chivalry. Go Normandy instead of Taking Gascoyne, testing the loyalty of the King. During the plan attacked to Gascoyne to rescue his men were sore constrained in the castle of Aiguillon. Lord of Harcourt suggested to the King of England to change the route instead of taking Gascoyne, he wanted rather to set a land to Normandy. He reasons out â€Å"jeopardy of my head, if ye will land there, there is none that shall resist you; the people of Normandy have not been used to the War, and all the knights and squires of the country are now at the siege before Aiguillon with the duke and I require you to believe me in this voyage. † By this reasons he wanted the King to believe in him. (Boss, p. 6) Because of the loyalty of the King he agrees with the lord of Harcourt. The King then he commanded the mariners to set their course to Normandy, and he took into his ship. (Page 6). However, the King before deciding he should first think and consult also all other lords, earls, barons and knights. (Page 5). I believe more head is better than one head. The decision of the King display loyalty to only one person. He didn’t draw a plan that if he takes Normandy what consequences they are going to face and the positive possibilities might happen. If they take Gascoyne what are some advantages and disadvantages. Loyalty is good to see in a person just like what Froissart wanted and like to have in a person. Conquering the Hogue Saint-Vaast is the only means of giving joyful to his men. The Knights sees the negative signed when they arrived in Hogue Saint-Vaast. This signed is the fallen of the King to the ground, that the blood brast out of his nose. (Page 7). So they wanted to warn the King that might evil things will happen. The knights want the Kings and the whole groups’ safety. But the King answered quickly and said: â€Å"Wherefore? This is a good token for me, for the land desired to have me. ‘ Of which answer all his men were right joyful† (Page7). In this passage he never believed his knight and even don’t want to listen to the idea that his knights was pointing out. The King believed that conquering this place would be the only great joyful to his people. He doesn’t take the advice of his knights. He is not loyal to his knights he thinks that the taking the place can give happiness to his people by robbing the other country and burning the house. These acts break the code of chivalric. Where Jean Froissart hated especially the cruelty they display. The only way in succeeding the war is being Loyal to the King and the constable. During the battle of Caen, the men of lord of France display loyalty to their Kings and constable for they will not do any fights with out the King and the constable. The men feel power and courage if they have the King and the constable in their sides. They believed that loyalty to the king and constable made them win in the war. Succeeding in the war can be harvested if the King and the constable showed their full support and braveness. The King of France and constable agrees with his men says ‘In the name of God be it, ye shall not fight without me. ‘(p. 12) Then they issued out in good order and made good face to fight and to defend them and to put their lives in adventure†. (Tetterton, 1993). The King and constable believed that if they are with the men in the war they will have the glory. Their presence can make the men brave and assertive in the war. To a certain extend they are right. Their loyalty to the King and constable are plays a lot especially pleasing their Kings. But they forget that they must first loyalty to one self and create confident and courage to their heart to win the war. Loyalty to self is the most important to all endeavors. Loyalty to one self can make a person brave. It can even do the impossible things that are extraordinary to others. If a person lacks this loyalty to others and to one self failure might occur. That’s maybe they are fought in the battle of Caen over the England. Nationalism is the only way in retrieving the lost country. The King of France shows nationalism in acting to retrieve his country that devastated by the Englishmen men. (Tetterton, 1993) His country was Brent, exiled, robbed, wasted and pilled the good with the Englishmen. He felt that his people pain and swear and said how they should never return again defaulted withal, and that such hurts and damages as they had done should be dearly revenged. (p. 10) By these barbaric act done by the opponents, the King of France call all the great leaders in his country and plan in retrieving and depending his people who are now under the hands of the England. In response to the call of the King of France all the great leaders come and set with the King of France. Like the lord John of Hainault, who came to him with a great number: also the king sent for other men of arms, dukes, earls, barons, knights and squires, and assembled together the greatest number of people that had been seen in France a hundred year before (P. F. Collier & SON). Lord John of Hainault responded because he has Nationalism in his country if that’s the reason he agree with the King sacrificing his life in defending the people who are violated by the Englishmen. I agree with the King of France in retrieving his country against the opponent. And I believed that Jean Froissart also agree for he love nationalism. Nationalism should be live in heart for every human. Defending the nation is great honor for every citizen. Dying for one’ country is a great privilege for a servant. Conclusion This essay shows nationalism is important to the King of France in defending their country. The King call all his great leaders and sacrificing his safety for the good of his people. While the King of England shows more loyalty to his trusted arm men who happen to be his cousin the lord of Harcourt. Finally, the scene above as stipulated by Jean Froissart shows nationalism greater in France and lesser in England, by the way they acted on the situation during the war. Jeans Foissart who loves chivalry who is violated both the France and England during the war. The cruelty done to women who Foissart disagree to see was there. The men in the war did not show politeness to the citizens. All they think is there happiness in taking advantages to the captured enemy. Loyalty and nationalism should be done and accomplished not to violate human rights of others. It should be put and live in our heart. References Boss, Judy. The Chronicles of Froissart. 22 November 2006, from Conversion to TEI-conformant markup: University of Virginia Library Electronic Text Center. : 1994

Thursday, October 10, 2019

Internet Article Review “When to call the organization doctor” Essay

Summary In the article, When to call the organization doctor by Robert N. Llewellyn discusses many techniques that are available for an organization and managers to use in determining how to properly identify organizational problems, or resolve current problems within the organization. Llewellyn’s article briefly describes eight-elements in accomplishing organizational effectiveness: Strategic Direction, Goal Alignment, Work Process and Projects, Organizational Structure, Performance Management, Rewards, Cultural Support Systems and Infrastructure. The article further points out that after a manager have identified the elements for effective organizational management than they should apply these elements to diagnosis problems within the organization. Furthermore, â€Å"When a fit problem is identified†¦ one must use not only simple deductive thinking, but inferential thinking as well.† (Llewellyn, p.79, 2002) Following this step â€Å"†¦puts management in charge of where the organization is going, strategically and systemically, and avoids the management-fad phenomenon.† (Llewellyn, p.79, 2002) Effective Management In week, one Professor Sowunmi asked the class to explain, â€Å"How does effective management impact organizational success?† (Main newsgroup, February 4, 2004 DQ 2) In answering the question I stated, â€Å"Effective management can have an endless impact upon the success of an organization. Interview Article 3 The main goals of any business are to make sure that its organization and its employees perform proficiently and productively. Any company can accomplish these goals if the employees are provided with appropriate guidance, enough flexibility, and supplied with the necessary information about what the organization is trying to accomplish. Moreover, a company that is successfully managed has a vision and knows how to make decisions that are consistent with the company’s vision. In addition, an organization that has good management can make good decisions that not only improve the profits of the company, but also give the employees a sense of pride in their company. A company that is managed successfully recognizes and appreciates its customers and will go all the way in making sure the customer is place first.† (Easter-Brown, DQ 2, February 7, 2004) This statement helps support the fact that if an organization fails to properly diagnosis problems within the organization they are most probably committing a form of â€Å"organizational malpractice.† In other words, thinking about the many ways organizations try to change and make themselves healthier makes it nearly impossible if they are unwilling to remember that prescription without diagnosis is malpractice, whether in medicine or management. On the other hand, the self-medication approach can sometimes have limited impact and can even lose headway. Without any external help or ideas, the side effects or self-treatment can be limited management thinking, stubborn devotion to traditional and comfortable viewpoints. Self-medication can work well, but management must be well informed about the range of effective remedies. Interview Article 4 Take the statement made by Kevin O’Connell, one of my fellow classmates,† Effective management uses mistakes as opportunities for learning and is able to recover and quickly adapt to changes in the business climate. Ineffective management points the blame on others and never learns nor takes ownership for mistakes.† (Main newsgroup DQ2, February 5, 2004) Furthermore, preferring the self-medication approach, many organizations continually engage in various processes aimed at self-change. They may purchase current management books, videos and training materials — the counterpart of over-the-counter medications — but in general, they prefer to figure things out for themselves. Many firms are simply more comfortable with this â€Å"do it yourself† approach and have little attraction to the idea of bringing in outsiders to deal with their change agenda. Internal task forces, special initiatives, campaigns and focused training programs can be effective forms of self-treatment. If they have a core team of bright, well-qualified internal change agents, they could make great progress. Llewellyn states, â€Å"†¦managers should first correctly diagnosis organizational problems first, then, if needed, search for a consultant that has the experience needed.† (pg. 79, 2002) Changes for SHS If I could make changes or recommendations for my own organization, they would defiantly be built around the guidelines of organizational effectiveness. Interview Article 5 The Stamford Health System is currently under new management and many of the guidelines stated in Llewellyn’s article are exceptional steps for improving the effectiveness of my company’s organizational structure, for example, Performance Management, Rewards, and Cultural Support Systems are some good suggestions for improvement. In my recommendations for Performance Management, I would like to see a centralized scheduling streamlines access to the hospital’s services that satisfy physicians and patients, for example, a Centralized-scheduling staff of stationed in close proximity to the Admitting office, increasing their efficiency due to the high volume of walk-in patients. The average 95 faxes and 30 calls received each day from physicians’ offices will be reduce to approximately 15 minutes to schedule. The training process for central scheduling staff is broader so that they can schedule all procedure/visit types Specific IT systems can now facilitate c entral scheduling by being â€Å"smart† about scheduling. If my organization wants to be competitive and increase their nurse retention, they need to provide major stimulus to restructure the hospital and organization. There needs to be an improvement in our internal reform strategy as well as a market alliance strategy. In order to be successful in the market environment of managed care and managed competition, my institution needs to expand market share through superior quality service; reduce management overhead with flat structure; increase productivity with self-directed teams; control expenses within budget; reinforce innovation and performance with incentives; and reinfuse employees and medical staff with a sense of shared optimism about the future. Interview Article 6 I believe the result will be a sweeping overhaul in organizational culture, driven by a radical shift in management philosophy and a permanent commitment to seek continuous improvements at all levels. Conclusion It is evident from my evaluation and the article When to call the organization doctor by Robert N. Llewellyn that careful evaluation and diagnosis of the central problems in an organization can help avoid †¦Ã¢â‚¬ expensive, disruptive, and often unnecessary intervention†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg.79, 2002) Overall, through a conservative position an organization can develop the capability to evaluate and diagnosis effective organizational skills to improve the many problems that may arise in the organizational structure. Fundamentally, as long as the organization is willing to strive for organizational effectiveness, they have a greater chance of solving problems within the company. Interview Article 7    References Easter-Brown, D. (Feb. 7, 2004). MGT 330 Main Newsgroup. How does effective management impact organizational success? Retrieved from MGT 330 Main Newsgroup on February 16, 2004 Llewellyn, R.N. (Mar. 2002). When to call the organization doctor HR Magazine. Vol. 47, Iss. 3, pg. 79. Retrieved from ProQuest database on February 2, 2004. O’Connell, K. (Feb. 5, 2004). MGT 330 Main Newsgroup. How does effective management impact organizational success? Retrieved from MGT 330 Main Newsgroup on February 16, 2004 Sowumni, A. (2004). Overview of The Concepts of Management: Week I Lecture. Retrieved from MGT 330 Course Newsgroup on February 13, 2003. University of Phoenix (Ed.). (2002). Management: Theory, Practice, and Application [University of Phoenix Custom Edition e-text]. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Custom Publishing Retrieved February 13, 2003.