Should Abortion Be Legal - 925 Words

Discussing abortion can be an extremely controversial topic, which brings out strong opinions on whether or not it should be illegal. â€Å"The U.S. Supreme Court legalized abortion in the Roe v. Wade decision in 1973† (emedicinehealth). Abortion is a widely discussed topic throughout the American society, some people find it to be a good thing, and others find it to be a bad thing, and lastly some people find there to be pros and cons of abortion. As Americans, we have the choice of who to marry and where to live, so we should have the option of whether or not we want an abortion. The Court deemed abortion a fundamental right under the United States Constitution, thereby subjecting all laws attempting to restrict it to the standard of strict scrutiny.(RoevWade) As you can see in the Roe v Wade court case, the justices found that having an abortion is a constitutional right. Pro-choice abortion allows women to choose how to abort an unwanted child. Regardless of the moral and religious implications, every woman should investigate how each procedure is done, what side effects are normal or abnormal, and what complications may arise due to having an abortion. One of the many ways you can start the process of abortion is to take the morning after pill, which prevents that the pregnancy from continuing. Or there is the option to have a Dilation and extraction, which then a surgery takes place. Having the right of Pro-choice, theref ore, gives abortion the act of terminating a humanShow MoreRelatedAbortion Should Not Be Legal1647 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most highly debated topics is abortion and whether or not it should be legal. People who oppose abortion, meaning they are pro-life claim that abortion should be completely illegal with no aspects of it whatsoever; it can be a murder for the people standing against it. The other side of the argument, meaning people who are pro-choice, defend it by believing it to be a right been given to the women. They also claim even if abortion was to be illegal, it would still be practiced. EveryRead MoreAbortion Should Not Be Legal920 Words   |  4 Pagesworld has struggled with for ages and one thing that people are advocating around the world for is abortion. Abortion is either a procedure or pill that stops a fetus s heart. Abortion should not be legal because life beings at creation, abortions are a direct violation of the 14th amendment, and thousands of p eople would love to adopt a child: handicapped or otherwise. Abortion should not be legal because life begins at creation. What is creation? Some people say conception, but it actually isRead MoreAbortion Should Not Be Legal Essay1596 Words   |  7 Pages Abortions have been performed on women for thousands of years. Abortion is the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy. Most often it is performed during the first 20 weeks of being pregnant. The controversy over whether or not abortion should be legal continues to divide Americans till this day. An important landmark case was the Roe v. Wade case, where the Court argued that the zone of privacy was broad enough to encompass a woman s decision whether or not to terminateRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1320 Words   |  6 PagesAbortion, as you all may know, is a really popular topic. There have long been many debates between the two groups, pro-life and pro-choice. People who are pro-life believe that part of the government’s job is to protect all forms of human life. Those who are pro-choice believe that every individual should have control over their own reproductive systems. Pro-life supporters strongly believe that even an undeveloped fetus has lif e; it is still growing and it needs to be protected. And this soundsRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1135 Words   |  5 PagesKelsi Hodgkin Composition 1 Professor Chipps 19 October 2015 Should Abortion Be Legal A common debate in the world today involves abortion, the deliberate end of human pregnancy, and whether or not it should be legalized. â€Å"Every year in the world there are an estimated 40-50 million abortions. This corresponds to approximately 125,000 abortions per day† (â€Å"Abortions Worldwide this Year†). On one side of the argument, people are not disturbed by this grotesque number, and on theRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?963 Words   |  4 PagesLegal or Illegal? Which would you prefer? Not many are willing to discuss such a gut wrenching topic, but this needs to be addressed. It is a very controversial topic with having to do with women rights and activists. Since there are two sides to every argument, there is one side such as to make abortion legal and the opposing side to keep abortions illegal. In my opinion making abortion illegal can regulate the amount of women who do get pregnant. I believe that making abortions legal will let womenRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?867 Words   |  4 PagesABORTION Abortion is a deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. There are series of legal, moral and ethical issues which may arise about abortion. Most arguments about abortion are often focused on political insinuations and the legal aspect of such actions. Some frequently asked questions’ regarding the issue is if the practice should be outlawed and regarded as murder or should women have the right to practice it. For example, prior toRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1217 Words   |  5 PagesNovember 2015 Should Abortion be Legal Among all the issues that have been fought for or against in the United States, abortion may be one of the most popular issues that Americans are passionate about. Abortion is defined as the removal of the embryo or fetus from the uterus in order to end a pregnancy. Thousands of abortions take place every single day, and yet public opinion remains at a standstill as to whether or not abortion is ethical. Everyone holds different opinions on abortion. The proponentsRead MoreShould Abortions Be Legal?939 Words   |  4 PagesShould abortions be legal? Abortions have been a big issue since the Roe v Wade case. There have been a lot of disagreements between the Pro-life supporters and the pro-choice supporters. Pro-life supporters feel like abortions deter murder, while pro-choice supporters believe that the women should be able to make their own decisions. I am a part of the pro-life supporters because I feel like abortions are wrong for several of reasons. Why should women get an abor tion if there are other choices forRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal? Essay1089 Words   |  5 PagesWhen the word abortion is heard, it is always associated with many negative things such as murder and inhumanity. However not legalizing abortion creates a huge problem for women around the world. Having a child takes consideration, planning and preparation and if pregnancy happens without any of this, why bother to have it at all? The reasons why abortion should be legal is that it supports the fundamental human rights for women by giving them a choice, it reduces crime by reducing the number of

Proposal for business plan project

Question: Discuss about the Proposal for business plan project. Answer: Introduction It is a business plan proposal developed for Ain commercial foundation. The business idea is inspired by a YouTube video (I JUST SUED THE SCHOOL SYSTEM.) This video is about a person who sued the modern schooling system. Nodoushan (2014) stated that, in the last century, everything has improved from cars to phones, except schools. In this video, the person has accused the schooling system of destroying creativity of kids. For this reason, a business plan has been developed to customize the modern education system. In this business plan proposal, the purpose and objectives of the research will be provided. In the literature review section, the four modalities of learning styles will be discussed, which is linked to the business proposal. Finally, the project detail for this business plan will be analyzed. Research purpose Sahlgren (2013) stated that, in the last decade, everything has been modified except the education system. Most of the countries all over the world, had not changed their education classes or teaching styles. Sak?z (2016) argued that, the present schooling system believes that two brains are same and one size can fit all. Hence, it burns the creativity of kids and reduces their capability. This education system prepares kids for past but not for future. Nodoushan (2014) mentioned that, the modern education system provides training to kids to work in factory, not as a leader. This education system treats students like robot zombies. Hence, this research work had been developed to understand the difference between two brains and their different needs. This research work will help to depict, why it is essential to modify the existing education system. It is required to understand that every kid has different needs and different dreams (Yassin and Almasri 2015). Hence, the schooling system has to treat them differently. In this research work, it will also be discussed that as all responsible citizens of a country has the duty to customize their healthcare, car and Facebook pages, they also have the duty to upgrade the schooling system to secure the future of their kids. Hence, the main purpose of this research work is to develop a business plan that can modify the education system so that it can bring the spirit out of every kid. The education system will no longer ask fishes to climb trees. Research objectives: The major objectives of this research work are such as: To assess the pros and cons of the existing education system of Saudi Arabia To analyze the effectiveness of different YouTube cartoons, fun, educational videos and game products on new generation students of Saudi Arabia To develop a business plan that can customize the existing education system of Saudi Arabia Literature review Learning styles of people: The four modalities Whillier et al. (2014) stated that the tangible or practical aspect of teaching philosophy is the process in which teachers help every student to learn. According to Sahlgren (2013), development of differentiated instruction is the most significant thing that teachers can do to reach more of their students. Appealing to different modalities is one of the most significant ways to appeal to students who learn and understand in different ways. These four modalities are mentioned below: Visual preferences For student who have visual preferences: The want teachers to provide demonstrations They find it easier to learn through descriptions They often try to organize words with the help of sights They often take help of lists to keep up and organize their thoughts These type of students often remember faces but forget their names Arbuthnott and Krtzig (2015) stated that these type of students are easily distracted by movements and actions within a class There are roughly 60% students in Saudi Arabia, who are visual learner (Bol et al. 2015). Auditory Preference For student who have auditory preferences These students want teachers to provide verbal instructions They remember names but forget faces They prefer to learn in quite places as noise can distract them (Sak?z 2016). They enjoy discussion, dialogues and plays. Tactile Preference For student who have tactile preferences They perform best when they take note during a lecture or learning something new (Yassin and Almasri 2015). These type of students prefer particle activities like lab works, projects and demonstrations They like to doodle or draw to remember something important. Kinesthetic Preference For student who have kinesthetic preferences These type students perform well, when they are active or involved They are not able to remember much what is said during lecture (Howard et al. 2015). Bol et al. (2015) stated that, these types of students are not able to concentrate, if they are asked to sit and read. Arbuthnott and Krtzig (2015) mentioned that most of the children are kinesthetic and they become tactile during their first grade. Project details (scope) A business plan had been provided below to customize the existing education system of Saudi Arabia. This business plan consists of three major stages. However, the submitted business plan will only be at the first stage. First stage : Development of a small to medium size company named "Ain commercial foundation." The company will make the profit through YouTube cartoons and fun educational videos for kids. Some of these videos are free for followers while for some of these videos followers have to pay fees. The company will also sell its game products in bookstores and in its online stores. We well provide products for standard children and others to the gifted children . we think that it is our responsibility to make them all gifted , If the company can achieve this target of products, then the next level will begin. A Product example ( first stage ) A Product example of what Ain Company will provide and sell to people for a math subject to the 6th-grade student class. Math class for the 6th grade Math for the 6 grade ( standard student ) Second semester First semester test 3 test 2 test 1 test 3 test 2 test 1 carton movie3 carton movie2 carton movie1 carton movie3 carton movie2 carton movie1 exercises movie 3 exercises movie 2 exercises movie 1 exercises movie 3 exercises movie 2 exercises movie 1 play station game homework scours 3 play station game homework scours2 play station game homework scours1 play station game homework scours 3 play station game homework scours2 play station game homework scours 1 painting shortcut 3 painting shortcut 2 painting shortcut 1 painting shortcut 3 painting shortcut 2 painting shortcut 1 cards game in class 3 cards game in class 2 cards game in class 1 cards game in class 3 cards game in class 2 cards game in class 1 a song shortcut3 a song shortcut2 a song shortcut 1 a song shortcut 3 a song shortcut2 a song shortcut 1 dancing shortcut3 dancing shortcut2 dancing shortcut 1 dancing shortcut 3 dancing shortcut 2 dancing shortcut 1 3d shortcut 3 3d shortcut 2 3d shortcut 1 3d shortcut 3 3d shortcut 2 3d shortcut 1 puzzles3 puzzles2 puzzles1 puzzles3 puzzles2 puzzles1 shortcut coloring book 3 shortcut coloring book 2 shortcut coloring book 1 shortcut coloring book 3 shortcut coloring book 2 shortcut coloring book 1 Second stage: In the next stage, the company will develop a contract with one of the Gulf countries like Saudi Arabia or Emirates or Qatar how aver have the interest to fund our new strategys in school system and apply it in their schools, in this stage we will develop the same ideas of products in the first stage but in a larger funding. We will give a great value investing in people with high sense of humor, famous singers, actors, football players to increase the attraction of educational videos, plus a whole new level of new strategies. Some examples for the second stage strategy: We can Use various methods to work on the subconscious mind of the students, such as we can provide positive hidden messages in videos, paintings. Teachers role will be more of a coaching, monitoring role than teaching, however we will develop a system where the interest of teachers meets the students to develop the best of student abilitys, a system that gives that teacher a 4% percentage of what that child will gain for number of years if he could affect the child life successfully. In a fair situation for the child, we believe that every under level learner has in the other side a great gift that needs to be discovered her coms the teacher role ,make them goes to the extent of their abilities . Training the brain classes which will contain all updated new techniques to increase the abilities of the brain like photo reading. A privet Constitution in every school with a court where we could develop the child Free critical thinking and sense of justice with an open door for creativity ,the student could change the school constitution if what he a claim make sense or sue anything he does not fell that it is fear in school policy , they will be jury's contains 6 teachers and 6 children in every school. Consternation on modern life language ( 3d printing , graphics , animation carton , web site designing and contorting , programming , software , apps). Increasing social abilities, spreading values of cooperation instead of competition by increasing the understanding of psychology knowledge. we think that our products well make learning so easy that they well have a lot of extra time that we will invest in what aver the child would decide without effecting has grads this is a free self-learning process that they could choose ,schools should proved a big screen internet class that is in direct contact with Vocational Institutes, Technical institutes, Industrial institutes, free universities like Kahan university, self-education style to learn their hopes. Give great value for body, mind and soul health , they will constraint on meditation , yoga , Reflexology, exercise , sole philosophy , understanding Quran in a new why that will affect all of their daily actions , free healthy food in schools ,detox class , alternative food medicine like herbs knowledge , hair analysis that shows high and low vitamins and minerals for every child with a special a food plan to the individual. Program called children national production, where kids can make money but could not use it unless their 18 years old. A direct internet access between the ministry of education and every student where they cloud get special offers and where all kids be monitored with a plan to every student alone depending on the students interest., they could up loud new strategies and sections, and they could be secret employs Monitoring the jobs that is needed in the country and advertising what they think is wanted in the future so children will some how be guided Third stage: Redo the same strategy more efficiently to all the gulf countrys with a bigger funding and with the new experience provided from feedback line to help us change the content of the education books and afterward do the same for all Arab countries. References Arbuthnott, K.D. and Krtzig, G.P., 2015. Effective Teaching: Sensory Learning Styles versus General Memory Processes 1. Comprehensive Psychology, 4, pp.06-IT. Bol, N., van Weert, J.C., de Haes, H.C., Loos, E.F. and Smets, E.M., 2015. The effect of modality and narration style on recall of online health information: results from a Web-based experiment. Journal of medical Internet research, 17(4), p.e104. Howard, L.W., Tang, T.L.P. and Austin, M.J., 2015. Teaching critical thinking skills: Ability, motivation, intervention, and the Pygmalion effect. Journal of Business Ethics, 128(1), pp.133-147. Nodoushan, M.A.S., 2014. Cognitive versus learning styles: Emergence of the Ideal Education Model (IEM). i-Manager's Journal on Educational Psychology, 8(2), p.31. Sahlgren, G.H., 2013. Incentivising Excellence: School Choice and Education Equality. Centre for Market Reform in Education. Sak?z, H., 2016. Ability, Examination and Inclusive Education: Stretching the Hard Lines of the Educational System. Educational Process: International Journal (EDUPIJ), 5(1), pp.65-75. Whillier, S., Lystad, R.P., Abi-Arrange, D., McPhie, C., Johnston, S., Williams, C. and Rice, M., 2014. The learning style preferences of chiropractic students: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Chiropractic Education, 28(1), pp.21-27. Yassin, B.M., and Almasri, M.A., 2015. How to Accommodate Different Learning Styles in the Same Classroom: Analysis of Theories and Methods of Learning Styles. Canadian Social Science, 11(3), p.26.

Sex In The Bible Essays (1554 words) - Religion,

Sex In The Bible For my book report I chose the topic of sex in the Bible. I thought that it would be a very interesting topic because in many churches discussion of sex and sexuality is taboo. I thought that by reading this book I could become more informed of what the Bible truly says on the subject. I also chose this topic because I felt that it would be easier reading a book about the bible on a topic I was interested in. Most subjects pertaining to the Bible are not interesting to the average teenager, and I felt this book would be fun to read. The name of the book was Sex in the Bible by Michael R. Cosby. Cosby discusses five parts of the bible in which sexual relations are discussed. First he discuses the laws that apply to sex in the Hebrew culture according to the book of Dueteronomy. Secondly he discuses the wisdom advice of the book of proverbs. Cosby then discuses the actual act of sex in the book of songs. Next he writes about the topic of sex and sexuality in the synoptic gospels. Finally he discusses sex in the books of Corinthians and Paul's letters to the Romans. Cosby's goal is to interpret the true beliefs of the early Jews and Christians. The book of Deuteronomy is a book of laws directed for the Hebrew. They are laws given to them by their god Yahweh. The book of Deuteronomy has several rules and laws pertaining to sex. The book was written within a society that was very male oriented. Thus the book makes the assumption that the wife is property of the husband. This did not give the husband the right to treat his wife as a slave, however only he had the option of divorce, and he only had the option of verifying his wife's virginity. The basic two principles behind the laws of sex in Dueteronomy are that: sex was to be only had in the confides of marriage, and that the women must be a virgin going into the marriage. Pertaining to the act of premarital sex, either by free will or by force, the punishment is death by stoning. If it turns out that the women was raped, then that man which committed the crime will be forced to marry the women, and is forbidden to divorce her ever. As far as a women not being pure when she is married, Dueteronomy says that the husband has the right to bring this claim to his new wife's father. If the accusation is true than the women will be stoned to death in front of her father's house. Having an impure daughter was an ultimate disgrace to a father, in that it was his resposibility to prevent that. If the claims turned out to be false then the husband was beat in public and charged one hundred coins to be given to the bride's father. There are also several other topics involving sex that are mentioned Deuteronomy. The act of polygamy is considered an acceptable practice, and in many cases expected. Under Hebrew law if a man died his brother was obligated to take his brother's widowed wife's hand in marriage. If the brother were already married then it would be expected of him to now have two wives. There are two other laws mentioned in Deuteronomy that are seen as sins to Yahweh, but are not punishable by death. Those two acts would be prostitution, and transvestitism (or the act of men dressing like women and vice versa). These acts, although not punishable by death, were seen as sins by God, and anyone who partook in the act of prostitution or transvestitism would be accursed. Moving on, Cosby goes to the book of Proverbs. Proverbs, unlike Dueteronomy, does not dive laws about sex, but rather advice about it. Proverbs is not based on a covenant motif but rather on accumulated wisdom that has resulted from many years of observation. It is similar to Deuteronomy in that it addresses a great number of different aspects of life, but the way it is presented is much different. There is no emphasis on the Hebrew people's covenant with God. In fact proverbs is not specifically written for the Hebrew people, but rather as advice for the people of all nations. The main emphasis in Proverbs is to explain why it is better to stay away from women of poor morals. Proverbs says that there

Motivational Theories and Organizational Performance Relations

Motivational Theories and Organizational Performance Relations Introduction Remuneration and reward of employees are some of the ways that can be used to retain employees. By reward we mean that the efforts of the employee are recognized. Singling out and rewarding workers inspires them to look for ways of undertaking their tasks effectively and lack of it can completely dishearten them. A reward system has to be effective and able to instil the desired behaviour for efficient performance.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Motivational Theories and Organizational Performance Relations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The reward system can either use financial mechanism or non-financial. People need to be encouraged and appreciated in order to achieve their mission and that of others. Motivation is the act of encouraging someone to carry out a task better than he intended to. It is common for employees to take up jobs because of the motivation they get. Failure to motivate employee s may result in poor performance of a company. There are generally many forms of motivation, for instance, some employees are motivated by the challenges they encounter while carrying out their tasks, others are motivated by the attention they attract, while majority are motivated by the amount of money they expect to earn. The last factor plays a great role in the success of every person, most people stay in jobs because of the pay scale, the incentives, and rewards they get from their employer. This paper will look at some motivational theories as it tries to relate them with an organizational performance. Equity Theory Equity theory is one of the theories of motivation. It is used to describe the relationship between employees and the motivation they get to work hard and their perception about fair treatment in the work place. For a long time, employers have considered their employees as just inputs to be used for the production of goods and services. However, this perception is gradually fading as employers get more and more enlightened about motivating their employees. From research, it is clear that, employees are not only motivated by money, but also their attitudes. The equity theory was first developed by John Adams in early 1963. Adams was a behavioural psychologist who held that, employees are always seeking for equity between the outcomes they get out of their efforts and the inputs they bring into a company.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More An employee inputs are the positive contribution he makes for the betterment of an organization including the work he does, his skills, behaviour, and experience while outcomes are the rewards he gets out of his hard work, this may be in the form of appreciation, promotion, incentives, salary rise, to name but a few (Jonathan 650). Fair treatment is a virtue that motivates employees to work hard for an organization and also to maintain a good working environment with their co-workers. When employees perceive themselves as being over or under rewarded, they may experience distress which may cause the organization to bring back equity in the relationship. Equity can be computed in terms of individual employee’s contribution and the accrued benefits (Anon. â€Å"Adams’ Equity theory† 2). This means that, the partner who contributes less (in terms of investment, or other financial resources) receives fewer benefits (in terms of financial rewards, love, or financial security). Lack of equity, in the form of underpayment may provoke anger whereas overpayment results in guilt. The major point of concern is the pecuniary reward received (whether in the form of wages or salary) and it is thus the central cause of equity or lack of the same (Diefendorff 489). When an employee feels that his contributions are not recognized in terms of pay, he tends to become hostile tow ards the organization and his performance drops. He no longer works to boost the performance of the organization but just to maintain his job position. This is when employees starts taking sick leaves or searching for other jobs. Having realized this, all organization should give priority to employee satisfaction since they are the ones responsible for its success (Denise 20). Expectancy Theory According to Taylor (117), the expectancy theory is concerned with the mental processes that an employee goes through before making a choice. It tries to describe the relation between rewards and performance. Employees perceive that they should be given rewards that consummate with their organizational performance.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Motivational Theories and Organizational Performance Relations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is a form of organizational behaviour that holds that, employees are likely to perf orm better if they perceive their rewards to be high. This motivation theory was proposed by Victor Vroom, a management specialist in Yale. It predicts that, majority of employees will seem to be motivated if they suppose that the reward they expect to get is directly proportional to the work done, and if they value the rewards expected from the organization (Swamson 6). This theory emphasizes on the need to base reward on an individual’s performance. These rewards should be able to offset the work done by the employees. It is only through this considerate rewarding that employees are motivated to work even harder because they expect the rewards to rise as their performance rises. Expectancy theory can also be used to describe employee’s behaviour in the work place. If an employee is not well competent in a given area, no reward mechanism can motivate him to perform better. It is therefore important for all organizations to consider the individuals’ personal fac tors before deciding which reward mechanism to use on them. This is because, an organization may increase the expected rewards for a particular employee as a way of motivating him to work harder but, if the respective employee does not possess the qualities needed for the job; the increase in rewards will not result in comparable improvement in performance (Lawrence 190). According to Vroom, there are three variables in the theory of expectancy, these are: Expectancy denoted as E, Valance (V), and instrumentality (I). Expectancy is the belief held by an employee that a specific action will result in a given level of outcome, valance can be defined as the strength of an individual towards achieving a preferred outcome (Smith and Mazin 60). This valance has to be positive if the individual expects to achieve the preferred outcome. On the other hand, instrumentality can be defined as the extent to which the achievement of first level outcomes determines the achievement of the second le vel.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More All these factors describe the relationship between employee’s behaviour and the level of expected outcome. The higher the level of outcome, the better the behaviour of employees and the reverse is true (Richard 243). Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory Abraham Maslow (a researcher), explored the connection between reward and motivation and came up with a theory called Maslow’s hierarchy of need. Maslow discovered that human beings have different types of needs that they want to be met. They include; basic needs security, self esteem, self actualization, and group needs. To fulfil these needs, sets of motivating rewards have to be used. Some of the basic needs can be fulfilled through provision of good standards of living by means of honest pay structures (Anon. â€Å"Human needs and rewards† 1). Provision of secure working environment coupled with training on safety and health issues can assist in meeting the security needs of the employees. On the other hand, reward systems on job promotion based on employee’s efforts, skills, and experience can help in raising their self esteem and meet the needs that come with it. Employees’ team working groups that are well structured with good communication help in fulfilling the group needs. Self actualization needs can be fulfilled by encouraging employee developments by use of appraisal tool where employees gauge their performance. The HRM should use a reward system that helps in meeting most of employees’ needs. This will encourage employees and motivate them to work harder to achieve the organizations goals and objectives. Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory of Motivation Herzberg’s two factor theory was developed after carrying out an interview among 203 American employees. Each employee was asked whether they were satisfied in any of the jobs they had taken. They all gave some positive and negative sides of each job and commented that, one is faced with differ ent challenges when he changes the work environment. Herzberg wanted to know whether there are other factors for employee satisfaction other than rewards (Storey 61). He found out that, employees are normally satisfied (or dissatisfied) with their job because of the motivators put in place (such as recognition). There are other factors called hygiene factors (such as job security, salary, and other benefits) which do not give positive satisfaction although their absence normally results in employee dissatisfaction. Motivation factors are used to motivate employees to work harder for better performance whereas hygiene factors are necessary in ensuring that an employee does not get dissatisfied with the work done. They are merely put in place to provide a favourable atmosphere for the employees but do not necessary motivate them to work. However, both factors have to be present if an organization has to perform well in the ever changing global market (Bohlander 40). Motivational Theor ies at Belcher limited The boss of Belcher Limited, Mr. Smith, did not use any of the motivational theories discussed above. For instance, Miss Emily was not given a fair salary merit. She had made a lot of contributions in her first year of employment which was not given recognition. Mr. Smith did not even approve some of her ideas and gave no explanation for the decline. This disheartened Emily and discouraged her from coming out with new ideas. It is clear that, Mr. Smith did not use the equity theory of motivation; all the employees in the accounts department were given equal salary merit (6 percent) irrespective of the contribution they had made in the company. To make it worse, one of the employees (who had been hired recently) got the highest salary merit (10 percent) simply because he was a favourite of the boss. We have seen that, the kind of reward given to any employee should be equivalent to the contributions made since this is one of the ways of motivating employees. Gi ving the new employee a ten percent salary merit did not only discourage the others, but also was not a prudent move on the part of the company. This is because reward scheme should be positively related to the work done, individual’s experience, and skills. Expectancy theory suggests that, employees make choices on how to work depending on the reward they expect to get at the end of the day. If an employee is assured of getting a higher reward for the efforts he put, then there is a likelihood of him performing better (Likert 80). However, this is not the case at Belcher limited, the reward system seems to be static and is not influenced by individual performance. Emily received the same salary merit as all the other employees although her performance was far above the others. This discouraged her and she was not even sure of what to expect in her second year of employment. This changed her organizational behaviour and general perspective of her work, she choose to take few days sick leave even though she was not sick. She even declined from giving more ideas to the company and chose to remain silent just like the others. This is a clear indication that, if an organization wants to succeed, it must recognize and reward the efforts of the work force, failure to do so results in poor performance which in turn lowers production of the organization (Halepota 18). Emily was satisfied with her job not because of the motivation it gave her, but because of the hygiene factors. She was assured of a fixed salary, job security, and other benefits including sick leave. She just enjoyed working like the others, making friends, taking some time off but was not motivated to put an extra effort. She even started looking for another job where she could get the motivation she needed because she knew that, she had a lot of potential that needed some recognition and motivation. If Belcher wants to retain its employees, it has to use all the motivation theories discussed a bove. As the employees meet the organization’s expectations, it is important for the organization to realize that the employees also have their targets that they want to be met. The employee must be appraised appropriately to enable the human resources department recognize the areas that need to be improved (Bratton and Gold 100). Those who have attained the expectations of the management should be rewarded accordingly Conclusion Few are the times when supervisors recommend employees for any task well done. They forget that employees are normal beings who feel good if appreciated. Research has proved that, recognition and praise from supervisors and managers is one of the most important reward mechanism for motivating employees. Employees feel motivated when their contribution to the organization is noticed and appreciated. Supervisors should recognize the value of employees in the organization and the importance of thanking them either through writing or verbally for their p recise contributions. Anonymous. Human needs and rewards. Web. Anonymous. Adams’ Equity theory. Balancing employee inputs and outputs. Web. https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_96.htm Bohlander, George Snell, Scott. Managing Human Resources. London: Cengage Learning, 2009. Bratton, John and Gold, Jeffrey. Human Resource Management: Theory and Practice. London: Routledge, 2001. Denise, Weiss. Motivational interventions and their effect on corporate performance. University of South Alabama, January 2005. Database: ABI/INFORM complete. Diefendorff, James M. Motivational traits. Encyclopaedia of industrial and organizational psychology, January 2007, Vol. 2 p489-492. Halepota, Hassan Ali. Motivational theories and their application in construction. Cost engineering, March 2005, Vol. 47 Issue 3, p14-18. Jonathan, Klein. Feasibility Theory: A resource-munificence model of work motivation and behaviour. Academy of management Review, October 1990, Vol. 15 Issue 4 p646-665 . Lawrence Walker, R. beyond Expectancy theory: An integrative motivational model from health care. Academy of Management Review April 1982, Vol. 7 Issue 2, p187-194. Likert, Rensis. Motivational Approach to management development. Harvard Business Review, July 2009, Vol. 37 Issue 4 p75-82. Richard, Oliver. Expectancy theory predictions of salesmen’s performance. Journal of marketing research (JMR), August 1994, Vol. 11 Issue, p243-253. Storey, John. New perspectives on human resource management. London: Cengage Learning EMEA, 1998. Swamson, Richard. Foundations of Human Resource Development: Easy read Large Edition. San Francisco: ReadHowYouWant.com, 2009. Smith, A. Shawn and Mazin, A. Rebecca. The HR answer book: an indispensable guide for managers and human resources professionals. New York: Amacom Div American Mgmt Assn, 2004. Taylor, Michael. Employee recognition schemes- do they work? China Staff. June 2008, Vol. 14 Issue 6 p117.

The Relationship between School and Society Assignment

The Relationship between School and Society - Assignment Example However, time took drastic turn with the passage of time, and now an overwhelming majority of the individuals study in various schools, colleges, universities, academies and other formal educational institutions, from where the individuals seek professional education and obtain certificates and degrees in order to enter into practical life as qualified and skilled persons. Wilson (2011, p. ) is of the view that the increasing emphasis upon specific knowledge and the acquisition of credentials as the pathway for young adults seeking any hope of attaining financially rewarding occupations and navigating the existing social structure has captured the attention of the parents and students alike, which has paved the way towards the popularity of learning even in the poor and underdeveloped nations of the world. My respected parents got me admitted to a well-reputed school in the city when I was four years old. That was the institution from where I learned how to read and write. Like all s chools, my institution also taught me language, literature, pure and social sciences, humanities, mathematics and other disciplines. Somehow, I developed the special aptitude for political science, history, theology, philosophy, and literature. During the beginning of my educational career, the parts of the curriculum carrying civics, history, and spiritualism captured my attraction, and I always obtained excellent grades in these disciplines. My taste did not witness any decline in these subjects; as a result, I selected these subjects for my undergraduate program. I studied Plato, Descartes, Machiavelli, Nietzsche, Karl Marx, Max Weber, Adam Smith, Keynes and other political economists and sociological and political science theorists. The utilitarian theory articulated by J.S. Mill and structural-functional theory by Herbert Spencer opened new avenues of wisdom and foresight to me. I keenly studied the 1930 and 1970s economic recessions and drew out the causes and consequences of the same in an analytical way. I found Marxist conflict perspective to be highly moving (Ritzer, 2007, p. 88), and I looked for developing a worker-friendly corporate environment for the future years to come. I obtained the education under the system that was close to the Jeffersonian model of education. Famous statesman and educationalist of early nineteenth century Thomas Jefferson had introduced the education system where the children gradually climb the educational ladder in the light of their age-group. Stage I consists of primary school years, which should be specified for children of the age-group between 6 to 8 years. The students belonging to the age group from 9 to 16 years should be offered the education of intermediate level at secondary school, which is Stage II of education. Stage III of education focuses on the university years, which offers higher studies to the students. Consequently, the students should complete their education gradually and in a systematic way, wh ere the level of education should be determined in the light of the mental capabilities and understandings of the students, so that they could easily comprehend with the curriculum being taught to them at schools (Miller, 1998, p. 3).  

International Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Accounting - Essay Example The objectives of this standard are to give a framework on how to incorporate foreign currency transactions and foreign operations or subsidiaries in the financial statement of the parent company. It also shows how to translate financial statement into presentation currency. The most critical thing in this concept is to determine which exchange rate or rates to use and how to account for the exchange difference in the financial statement. The standard requires the entire initial foreign transaction to be recorded on the bases of the prevailing exchange rate, however, it recognizes the use of average exchange rate to numerous transactions occurring during the year (Doupnik & Perera, 2011). The basis for translation can either be current method or temporal method. Temporal method uses the exchange rate that prevailed when the asset and liabilities were acquired. If the assets are based on historical cost the correct exchange rate to use is also historical. Consequently if liabilities a nd assets are based on current cost the rate to use is also the current one. ... Companies listed in Australia stock exchange reflect the present performance thus, they are the most suitable to influence decision making by stakeholders. With application of IAS 21 it is possible to compare company performance in the two stock exchanges. Companies of the same size in Europe are more profitable than Australian companies simply because exchange rate in ? is higher than â‚ ¬. With financial exchange translation there is either again or a loss in the exchange difference. This component is treated as component of finances in the statement of financial position. Works Cited Books, LLC. (2010). International Accounting Standards:International Financial Reporting Standards, International Public Sector Accounting Standards. Memphis, : Books LLC. Choi, F., & Meek, G. K. (2010). International Accounting. New York: PRENTICE HALL. Doupnik, T., & Perera, H. (2011). International Accounting. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.,. Melville, A. (2009). International Financial Re porting. New York: Financial Times/Prentice Hall. Previts, G. (2008). Research in Accounting Regulation, Volume 20. Oxford:

Peer Pressure Essay Example for Free

Peer Pressure Essay According to Took (2007), making decisions on your own is hard enough, but when other people get involved and try to pressure you one way or another it can be even harder. People who are your age, like your classmates, are called peers. When they try to influence how you act, to get you to do something, its called Peer Pressure. Its something everyone has to deal with even adults. Peer Pressure is one thing that all teens have in common. You cant escape it; it is everywhere. No matter how popular you are, how well liked you may be or how together you feel, sooner or later you will have to face peer pressure. Whether it is pressure to conform to a group norm or pressure to act a certain way. People are influenced by peers because they want to fit in, be like peers they admire, do what others are doing, or have what others have. Mueller states that, â€Å"The ugly reality is that Peer Pressure reaches its greatest intensity at just the age when kids tend to be most insensitive and cruel. † Every Peer group has its own identity and which greatly depends on the personality of its members. Feller (1995), has stated that despite the differences between groups, the group members always try and influence each other. They have some conformity to common set of rules and norms, which a member must not break without being forced to leave the group. Also Peer Pressure can be either positive or negative. Pressure exerted in a positive way can help motivate you on to be the best you can be. Keeping up with the schoolwork or being more articipative in class are the traits of positive Peer Pressure exerted on you by the group. Negative Peer Pressure can make you do things you don’t want to do, like having early sex or taking drugs. It can make you feel depressed and de-motivated. â€Å"Responding to Peer Pressure is part of human nature — but some people are more likely to give in, and others are better able to resist and stand their ground. People who are low on confidence and those who tend to follow rather than lead could be more likely to seek their peers pproval by giving in to a risky challenge or suggestion. People who are unsure of themselves, new to the group, or inexperienced with peer pressure may also be more likely to give in,† (Lyness, 2006). Also Feller (1995), in his study, states that Peer Pressure can be very subtle-you may not realize its happening. Some groups use Peer Pressure as a tool to gain power over members, whereas other don’t intend to exert the pressure, they just do that naturally. According to Hardcastle, there are certain personality traits or risk factors that make you ore prone to give in to pressure. Some kids give in to Peer Pressure because of low self esteem and lack of confidence, whereas others give in to pressure because they want to be liked, to fit in, or because they feel that others would make fun of them if they don’t go along with the group. Messier, states that, â€Å"The only pressure Im under is the pressure Ive put on myself. † The idea that everyones doing it may influence some kids to leave their better judgment, or their common sense, behind.